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The Goals of Biomedical Technology
Published in Joel Michael Reynolds, Christine Wieseler, The Disability Bioethics Reader, 2022
While it is not the only plausible goal, one important goal of biomedical technology1 is to advance equality of opportunity for social, political, and economic participation. However, as always, the devil is in the details. In particular, there is the detail of exactly how biomedical technology ought to advance the goal of equality of opportunity. For example, Norman Daniels has famously argued that people have a right to access a basic minimum of health care, including biomedical technology, because it advances this goal of equality of opportunity by maintaining or restoring their normal biological function (Daniels 2002). However, disability bioethicists have largely challenged Daniels’ view because of this very idea that maintaining or restoring normal function is necessary for achieving such equality of opportunity. They argue that this feature of his view puts Daniels’ argument at odds with the most fundamental assumptions of the disability rights movement: that equality of opportunity for the social, political, and economic participation of those with abnormal function is not only achievable, but it should be achieved (Amundson 2005; Amundson and Tresky 2007).
Emerging paradigms in health care education in Nigeria
Published in Joseph A. Balogun, Health Care Education in Nigeria, 2020
Another major paradigm shift in the HCE landscape is the upgrade of the entry-level education in some disciplines to doctoral level. In the last decade, HCE has evolved significantly under the aegis of the NUC. In addition to medicine and dentistry, the entry-level education for pharmacy, optometry, and physiotherapy is now at the doctoral level. The remaining health disciplines (occupational therapy, medical laboratory technology, radiography, nutrition, dietetics, prosthesis and orthotics, biomedical technology/engineering, and public/community health) are still at bachelor’s degree level. In 2014, both the NUC and the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria adopted a policy that upgraded the entry-level pharmacy education to the doctoral (PharmD) level in the 12 Schools of Pharmacy in the country. The PharmD curriculum first commenced in 2016 at the UNIBEN, and the other Schools of Pharmacy across the country are at different stages of implementation (Ogaji and Ojabo, 2014; Ozioko, 2018).
Engineering-Medicine Principles Overview
Published in Lawrence S. Chan, William C. Tang, Engineering-Medicine, 2019
Engineering-medicine is aiming to train future physicians and biomedical engineers, first and foremost, the principles of engineering as applicable to medicine. Engineering-medicine is training future physicians and biomedical engineers to think as engineers think, logically, efficiently, innovatively, precisely, globally, systematically, solution-oriented, integrated, and in terms of quality and environmental impact. Without educating the engineering thinking and approach, the simple addition of advanced biomedical technology will not fulfill the goals of engineering-medicine and will not be transforming. With a clear understanding of engineering principles in thinking and approach, engineering-medicine will guide the training of advanced biotechnology applications, for the engineers and physicians, in the most optimal manner, to best serve our patients.
How Materialized Oppression Contributes to Bioethics
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2023
Kadija Ferryman, J. Henry Brems
Although drawing attention to the harms of race norming in these two devices in the context of a pandemic is important, Liao and Carbonell’s piece makes three contributions to the discipline of bioethics that have not been previously highlighted in the scholarship on race-norming in medicine. First, the focus on the material aspects of medical devices encourages bioethicists to focus upstream on how these devices are designed and built, rather than a more traditional approach of focusing on the downstream effects of biomedical technology. This focus on the material features of devices also brings to bioethics the concept of enactment, one used in philosophy of science and medicine and science and technology studies (STS). Second, enactment allows conceptual space for bioethicists to explore processes of racial formation, racism, and other-isms that matter for health. As Baker notes (in this volume) and others (Mithani, Cooper, and Boyd 2021; Smith 2021; Wilson 2021), have argued, examining race and racism has been underexplored in bioethics, and the concept of materialized oppression in medical devices provides a way to explore racism as a structural dimension in medical practice and biomedical research. Third, the aggregated solutions approach is helpful for bioethics as it explores how to deal with racism and other -isms within the discipline, not just in the topics the discipline covers. In other words, the aggregated solutions approach can be used reflexively by bioethics as an institution to examine traditions and practices and to help the discipline move forward with solutions.
Influence of HIV on in-hospital outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2023
Daniel Antwi-Amoabeng, Joban Ghuman, Sunil Sathappan, Bryce D. Beutler, Mark B. Ulanja, Mihir Dave, Omar Canaday
In our study, we reviewed data collected over a 10-year period and observed an overall decrease in inpatient mortality in patients with HIV and AF. The underlying cause of the improved outcomes remains to be established. We hypothesise that the increased use of HAART represents an important contributory factor [21]. Other advancements in biomedical technology and pharmacologic therapy may have also played an important role in the observed trends. Notably, however, our study examined trends only in inpatient mortality; outpatient and overall mortality were not assessed and therefore the results cannot be extrapolated to the HIV-positive population at large. Furthermore, individuals with HIV and AF faced higher mortality than those with AF alone. Although cause of death was not included in our analysis (owing to the structure of the NIS database), it is possible that other sequelae of HIV—including CVD and cerebrovascular disease—are responsible for the relatively increased mortality among the HIV-positive population [22–24].
The American Student Placements in Rehabilitation Engineering Program (ASPIRE)
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
D. Joshua Marino, Randy Williams, Alicia Koontz, Rory A. Cooper
We have had 12 cohorts complete ASPIRE internships. Altogether, we have provided an ASPIRE experience to 162 students since its inception. Our aggressive recruitment efforts have resulted in 202 student applications in 2018, which is nearly a 50% increase over our first cycle. Of those participants involved, 53% were women and 47% were men. Twenty-three percent of participants were from minority or underrepresented groups, and 18% identified as having a disability. From our post-internship follow-up efforts, we learned that 65% are currently pursuing or have graduated with advanced degrees, 27% of whom are engineers from underrepresented groups (ethnic minorities, students with disabilities, and females) in a field closely related to rehabilitation engineering. Of those students that are working post-baccalaureate, 70% are engineers working in the biomedical/technology field.