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Fungi and Water
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
In the fermentation industry, yeast is also used for the production of biofuel. This industry uses yeast to transform sugars in plants (corn, sugar cane, sugar beet, cereals), and algal biomass (microalgae and macroalgae) into ethanol (biofuel) for the functioning of machine motors (102–103). Biofuel or green fuel is less harmful to the atmosphere and human health than classic petroleum fuel. In addition, some yeasts have potential applications in the field of bioremediation (102). For example, the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica can degrade palm oil and other hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, fatty acids, fats, and oils. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has potential to bioremediate toxic pollutants like arsenic, mercury, and lead from industrial effluent and mining waste (102).
Engineering for Learning Science Embedded in Societal Issues
Published in Jazlin Ebenezer, Hark, Hark! Hear the Story of a Science Educator, 2020
Wastewater Treatment: Microbiology to Investigate Option is an example. For wastewater treatment, we may use microorganisms and determine the best growth and reproduction. Biofuels is another bioengineering challenge that involves biological energy conversion dynamics. Research points to conventional feedstocks, which may develop possible design solutions for biofuels. The study of the role of photosynthesis in energy flow is a strand. Interaction of biofuel crops with the environment may be a focus. Energy crops versus waste feedstocks energy flow also are of significance in the study of biofuels. In both examples noted above, students have an opportunity to define the problem, compare solutions, and observe how technology increases the number of solutions.
Leveraging Genome Sequencing Strategies for Basic and Applied Algal Research, Exemplified by Case Studies
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Ariana A. Vasconcelos, Vitor H. Pomin
Nowadays fossil fuels meet the growing energy needs of the world. However, its burning promotes climate change and depletes natural reserves (Singh and Singh 2012). Given these impacts, biofuels produced from renewable resources can be a more sustainable alternative (Radakovits et al. 2010; Simas-Rodrigues et al. 2015). Photosynthetic algae, both microalgae and macroalgae, have been considered as potential resources for the production of biofuels (Sheehan et al. 1998). In this regard, initial attempts to produce fuel from microalgae date from the late 1970s because of the oil crisis (U.S. DOE 2010). At that time, the price for production of fuel from fossil was considerably high (Hannon et al. 2010). Hence, it was necessary to develop a process to make algae-derived biofuels more practical and economically viable.
Microbially-derived cocktail of carbohydrases as an anti-biofouling agents: a ‘green approach’
Published in Biofouling, 2022
Harmanpreet Kaur, Arashdeep Kaur, Sanjeev Kumar Soni, Praveen Rishi
Cellulose, the most abundant natural biopolymer, is degraded by cellulases with β-1,4 glycoside hydrolytic activity. The cellulose plays a structural role in biofilms, provides strength, and aids in attachment, adherence, and subsequent substrate colonization (Augimeri et al. 2015). The complete degradation of cellulose requires the synergistic action of 3 kinds of cellulases, namely: (i) endoglucanases, (ii) exoglucanases, and (iii) β-glucosidases. The organisms producing cellulases are diverse, including a broad range of bacteria, fungi, and yeast (Acharya and Chaudhary 2012; Behera et al. 2017). The potential use of microbial cellulases in various industries such as the textile industry, pulp, and paper industry, brewing industry, feed and food processing industry, as well as the use of enzymes as additives in detergents have achieved global recognition (Karmakar and Ray 2011; Zhang and Zhang 2013). Moreover, the application of cellulases in biofuel production from agro-industrial waste, such as spent grain from brewers, fruit waste from citrus fruits, sugar cane bagasse, sludge, as well as municipal solid waste and kitchen waste, has become overwhelmingly important. The economic production of value-added products from lignocellulosic waste represents an exciting research area for academic and industrial research groups (Bansal et al. 2012; Rana et al. 2013).
Ethanol production from cassava starch by protoplast fusants of Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Galactomyces candidum
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Tolulope Modupe Adeleye, Sharafadeen Olateju Kareem, Mobolaji O. Bankole, Olusegun Atanda, Abideen I. Adeogun
In the chemical industry, ethanol has become the most widely used organic solvent [1]. It is equally an important product of the alcohol beverage industry and is one of the fastest growing fuel sources in the world [2]. The global interest in the use of ethanol as an alternative source of energy is increasing due to the inevitable depletion of global energy supply from sources such as fossil fuel, petroleum and coal [3–6]. In addition to the aforementioned, the global climate change, the increase in oil prices and the need for energy independence and security also invigorate this worldwide interest in ethanol as a biofuel [7]. Biofuels such as bio-ethanol offer more advantages than fossil fuels since they provide renewable and sustainable sources of energy [8]. Among the potential biofuels, commercial production of ethanol is already ongoing in many countries where it is used as an octane enhancer in combination with gasoline mixed in various ratios to produce gasohol.
Gene expression changes in rat brain regions after 7- and 28 days inhalation exposure to exhaust emissions from 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel fuels - The FuelHealth project
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2018
Renate Valand, Pål Magnusson, Katarzyna Dziendzikowska, Malgorzata Gajewska, Jacek Wilczak, Michał Oczkowski, Dariusz Kamola, Tomasz Królikowski, Marcin Kruszewski, Anna Lankoff, Remigiusz Mruk, Dag Marcus Eide, Rafał Sapierzyński, Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Nur Duale, Johan Øvrevik, Oddvar Myhre
Traffic-related air pollution is a major contributor to global air pollution (Ghio et al., 2012), and consists of a complex mixture of particulate matter (PM), gases, trace metals and adsorbed organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to the threat of global warming there has been a focus on increasing the use of renewable biofuels. Although neat biodiesel and biodiesel blends with fossil diesel fuels are currently used only in low amounts in Europe (Flach et al., 2017), plans have been proposed to increase the share of biofuels considerably in the near future. According to the newest EU Directive 2015/1513, all EU countries must achieve at least 20% share of renewable energy in the overall energy consumption by 2020, including at least 10% share in transport fuels (Bourguignon, 2015). Current European standards for mineral diesel fuels (EN590) allows up to 7% of biodiesel from fatty acid methyl esters (FAME; 1st generation biodiesels) blended with conventional mineral diesel fuels (B7). First-generation biodiesels (FAME) are based on feedstocks, such as rapeseed, sunflower and soybean oil. These feedstocks, however do compete with food production. 2nd generation biodiesels, like hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), which can be made from alternative non-food oils such as algae oil and waste from animal fats (Aatola et al., 2008) bypass any such problems and have therefore been promoted by the EU (Bourguignon, 2015).