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Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery in Regenerative Medicine
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Zahra Mohammadpour, Seyed Morteza Naghib
Lee et al. developed a composite of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and GO/rGO and investigated its performance as a biocompatible neural interface (Lee et al. 2019). The nanocomposite electrodes were not toxic to PC12 neural cells. Also, gene expression for the production of GAP-43 and synapsin on the surface of PEDOT:PSS/GO or PEDOT:PSS/rGO was significantly higher than that of PEDOT. Better cellular communication through the conductive matrix of the nanocomposite could be responsible for more increased intracellular signalling. The authors proposed that the graphene-based microelectrode could potentially be employed as an implantable neural electrode. The electrical conductivity of graphene-based nanomaterials is enticing in other aspects of neural tissue regeneration, including the on-demand release of macromolecular therapeutics. In this regard, Magaz et al. developed a hybrid biocomposite of silkworm fibroin and rGO that was loaded with nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β) (Magaz et al. 2020). Upon application of a pulsatile electrical stimulus, the growth factor was released over a ten-day period. The authors proposed that hybrid biocomposite might be suitable for the design of personalised scaffolds.
Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts and Fractions of Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa, Mahendra Rai, Gilmânia Francisca Sousa Carvalho, Herbert Gonzaga Sousa, Patrícia e Silva Alves, Renata da Silva Carneiro
The study also suggests that the secondary metabolites found in plants, especially in the species studied, are responsible for antifungal activity. Through synergism, these biocomposites can act to inhibit the formation of the fungal cell appearance of microorganisms, causing disruptions and preventing cell division (Zaynab et al. 2018). Earlier ethnopharmacological investigations revealed the antifungal activity against C. albicans of several species of the genus Ximenia, indicating the potential of these plants in the treatment of oral candidiasis (Runyoro et al. 2016; Maroyi 2016). In addition, the leaves of X. americana showed antifungal activity (IC50 8.12 µg/mL) against C. albicans when investigating methanol extracts in the study developed by Traoré et al. (2015).
From Conventional Approaches to Sol-gel Chemistry and Strategies for the Design of 3D Additive Manufactured Scaffolds for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
A. Gloria, T. Russo, M. Martorelli, De Santis R.
Generally, neat synthetic polymers also do not properly satisfy the mechanical requirements for bone tissue engineering due to their flexibility and weakness. Thus, polymer-based ‘biocomposites’, consisting of biopolymers reinforced with inorganic fillers, have been considered an intriguing alternative for hard-tissue engineering.
Application of amniotic membrane in reconstructive urology; the promising biomaterial worth further investigation
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2019
Jan Adamowicz, Shane Van Breda, Dominik Tyloch, Marta Pokrywczynska, Tomasz Drewa
Notwithstanding the appealing bioactivity of AM, its low mechanical strength might discourage researches to proceed to larger animal models due to a substantial risk of graft rupture. The recognition of this obstacle by our team led to the design and fabrication of an AM-based biocomposite. Reinforcement of AM with electrospun nanofibers was an effective strategy to increase AM mechanical resistance without affecting its biocompatibility and bioactive properties. This approach is also suitable for application in large animals during preclinical trials [123]. Improving mechanical endurance of AM graft could be also achieved by multilayer graft composition as proposed by Barski et al. They successfully used multilayer AM patch to close bladder wall defect [124].
A promising technology for wound healing; in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of chitosan nano-biocomposite films containing gentamicin
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2021
Hossein Asgarirad, Pedram Ebrahimnejad, Mohammad Ali Mahjoub, Mohammad Jalalian, Hamed Morad, Ramin Ataee, Seyyedeh Saba Hosseini, Ali Farmoudeh
Biocomposites were fabricated based on the casting process. First, a medium molecular weight CHI solution was prepared by adding the polymer in a 1% v/v acetic acid solution at a concentration of 1.2% w/w (stirred for 60 min). The pH was adjusted to 5.5, then glycerine was added as a plasticiser (0.5% w/w). About 50 mg of GNT or freeze-dried GNPs equivalent to 50 mg of the drug was added to the final polymer solution (2.5 ml). Formulation components were mixed and transferred to a Petri dish of 35-mm diameter. All formulations were dried in the Petri dish (at 40 °C for 24 h), then they were stored in a chamber with a controlled environmental condition (25 °C and 50% RH).
Novel chitosan and bacterial cellulose biocomposites tailored with polymeric nanoparticles for modern wound dressing development
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Paul-Octavian Stanescu, Ionut-Cristian Radu, Rebeca Leu Alexa, Ariana Hudita, Eugenia Tanasa, Jana Ghitman, Oana Stoian, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Octav Ginghina, Catalin Zaharia, Mikhail Shtilman, Yaroslav Mezhuev, Bianca Galateanu
A preliminary biocompatibility investigation of the biocomposites was conducted by performing the MTT assay. In this view, human dermal fibroblast cells from CCD-1070Sk cell line were seeded in direct contact with the biomaterials at an initial density of 106 cells/sample.