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Packaging and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Shoots
Published in Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht, Bamboo Shoot, 2020
Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht
Due to disposal and environmental issues of conventional synthetic packaging, interests in the use of bio-based material for packaging has increased. The edible coating acts as a barrier to microbes on the food surface and also reduces moisture and solute migration, gas exchange, oxidation, physiological disarrays thereby ultimately extending shelf-life. The material used for edible film and coatings are commonly proteins, lipid and polysaccharides that are generally regarded as safe and approved by the FDA. These materials can be applied to food by directly immersing, spraying, brushing or wrapping the surface and have certain properties such as flexibility, tension, brightness, opacity, resistance to microbes, moisture, gas flow and sensory adequacy. Additionally, they can also enhance the value of food by the integration of colourant, flavours, nutrients, spices, anti-oxidants, anti-browning and anti-microbial additives to them.
Bioactive Compounds in Marine Macro Algae and Their Role in Pharmacological Applications
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
Subramaniam Kalidass, Lakshmanan Ranjith, Palavesam Arunachalam, Amarnath Mathan Babu, Karuppasamy Kaviarasan
Biologically active compounds from seaweeds are a key product for the manufacturing of bio-based materials in food, pharmaceutics, therapeutics, and cosmetics. Different types of bioactive molecules can be either formed or released by marine macroalgae. Seaweeds are a rich source of polysaccharides; many of them contain sulfated polysaccharides. Even so, few similarities can be made among the polysaccharides from every group of organisms, and these can be diverse and morphologically varied. Several advantageous bioactivities have been demonstrated by the polysaccharides and polyphenols, both in vitro and in vivo.
Green synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Couroupita guianensis Aubl. fruit extract for their antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
G. Sathishkumar, V. Logeshwaran, S. Sarathbabu, Pradeep K. Jha, M. Jeyaraj, C. Rajkuberan, N. Senthilkumar, S. Sivaramakrishnan
Moreover, the haemocompatibility assay of synthesized CGFe3O4NPs and CGFE was evaluated upon calculating the damage to the human RBCs. The results showed that the CGFe3O4NPs exhibit comparatively lower red haemoglobin release than crude CFGE (Figure 7(c)). As per the result, compared to the positive control (Triton-1X) haemolytic activity of NPs was less considerable, implying its safe nature in chemotherapeutic application. The mechanisms of direct haemolytic activity for different toxic agents were found to be non-specific. Our results demonstrated that the active biocompounds capped on the surface of CGFe3O4NPs largely strengthen its biocompatibility. Many earlier studies have proved that the surface passivation of nanomaterials with active biomolecules will improve their biocompatibility [48]. Eventually, this can be easily used for different pharmacological applications, including drug release. According to International Organization for Standardization/Technical Report 7406, for bio-based materials the haemolytic permissible level was fixed as less than 5% [49]. The exposure of phenol functionalized nanomaterials shows meager level of haemolysis, revealing their biocompatibility and suitability for clinical trials.
Strategies and industrial perspectives to improve oral absorption of biological macromolecules
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2018
Chang Liu, Yongqiang Kou, Xin Zhang, Hongbo Cheng, Xianzhi Chen, Shirui Mao
Particulate drug delivery systems are considered as powerful tools for overcoming poor oral bioavailability of macromolecules, such as polymeric NPs, microparticles, and lipid-based carriers. These delivery systems exhibit dramatic advantages, such as protecting drugs against enzymes and harsh pH, improving permeability across mucus and achieving site-specific delivery. To develop polymeric particles for oral macromolecules delivery, both natural and synthetic polymers can be used as carriers. The most widely used natural polymers include chitosan (CS), dextran, alginate, poly(γ-glutamic acid), and hyaluronic acid, and representative synthetic polymers include poly(lactic acid), PLGA, polycaprolactone, acrylic polymers, and polyallylamine [46–49]. It is highly recommended to use ‘generally recognized as safe’ (GRAS) ingredients (various lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, and biodegradable polymers featured on the ‘GRAS’ list) to prepare edible micro/NPs [50]. Among them, CS and alginate are the most frequently used edible bio-based materials, which can be either used as main materials for polymeric particles manufacture or as ionic cross-linker applied after production. In addition, various techniques are available for polymeric particles preparation, including solvent evaporation, emulsion polymerization methods, interfacial polymerization, and formation of polyelectrolyte complexes [51]. Polymeric particles can be prepared based on the specific requirement as described in the following section.
Understanding the compaction behaviour of low-substituted HPC: macro, micro, and nano-metric evaluations
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Amr ElShaer, Ali Al-khattawi, Afzal R. Mohammed, Monika Warzecha, Dimitrios A. Lamprou, Hany Hassanin
As a bio-based material, cellulose offers unique characteristics such as good biocompatibility, high tensile strength, thermal stability, and superior mechanical properties. Nonetheless, cellulose is poorly soluble in most of the common solvents and lacks the thermoplastic properties desired. Chemical and physical modifications of cellulose structure have been investigated (Hebeish and Guthrie 1981; Roy et al. 2009), primarily via esterification reactions with nitrate and acetic acid derivatives (Klemm et al. 2005) and etherification with methyl, carboxy methyl, and hydroxyalkyl derivatives (Fox et al. 2011).