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Vector-Borne Disease Surveillance
Published in Jerome Goddard, Public Health Entomology, 2022
A landing count or rate is an observation of the density of mosquitoes in an area with little or no concern for species diversity present. Landing counts, made using one to four people, are concerned with numbers of mosquitoes attempting to bite rather than the species composition1 (Figure 4.15). A printed form is usually used to record this information. The form has a space to record start and finish times of the count, location at which it was taken, species collected, and some types of meteorological observations. If needed, specimens may be collected with an aspirator (Figure 4.16).
Effects of Food Processing, Storage, and Cooking on Nutrients in Plant-Based Foods
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Milling is conducted to achieve size reduction of several cereal kernels to produce flour. The conventional milling process includes a cleaning step to remove dirt and rocks. The kernels continue through two more cleaning steps, one to remove impurities using an air aspirator and another one to remove traces of other grains using separators. A further step removes traces of metals using a magnetic separator. Subsequent steps include washing to separate any additional foreign materials followed by a conditioning step to adjust the moisture content of the grain and to achieve separation of several components of the kernel. The next stage of the process is the first break producing coarse grain particles and separates the bran (containing the fiber) from the germ and the endosperm (containing most of the starch). The rest of the process consists of successive grinding states to produce the desired particle size (A. Singh et al., 2015).
Gynaecology: Answers
Published in Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf, Get Through MRCOG Part 2: Short Answer Questions, 2020
Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf
If the endometrial thickness is 5 mm or greater, an endometrial biopsy should be performed. This can be done in the outpatient setting with a device such as a Pipelle aspirator. This can give a correct diagnosis of cancer in over 80% of cases (2).
Comparison of two radiofrequency-based hemostatic devices: saline-linked bipolar vs. cooled-electrode monopolar
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Xavier Moll, Dolors Fondevila, Félix García-Arnas, Fernando Burdio, Macarena Trujillo, Ramiro M. Irastorza, Enrique Berjano, Anna Andaluz
Our computer results suggested the presence of the superficial saline layer in the Aquamantys® acts as an electrical current shunt between both electrodes, reducing the percentage of RF power applied directly to the tissue. In fact, the saline between the electrodes begins to boil within a few seconds of applying power, as can be seen by the high incidence of bubbles (see Tables 4 and 5). The hot saline makes larger coagulation on the surface, although it may involve the risk of the saline migrating to adjacent organs [17], while in the Coolingbis®, the saline cools the electrode internally (closed circuit), so there should be no liquid around the electrode, implying that theoretically 100% of the RF power is targeted on the tissue (even though the excess heating is evacuated by the closed circuit of cooled saline). However, in surgical practice it is common for the electrode to be partially surrounded by a pool of blood, so that hemostatic devices based on internally cooled electrodes such as the Coolingbis® should be used in close combination with an aspirator to keep the interface between electrode and tissue as fluid-free as possible. The use of an aspirator with externally irrigated electrodes is nonsense in the case of small blood loss, since the presence of the saline layer is required for the proper functioning of the device. However, in profuse bleeding, the necessarily intense use of the sucker could jeopardize its efficiency because of the unwanted aspiration of saline as well as blood.
The effectiveness of the dacryocystorhinostomy operation with physiodispenser in nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Published in Orbit, 2022
Fikret Ucar, Servet Cetinkaya, Lutfi Seyrek
During DCR surgery to make the osteotomy, different punches, osteotomes and electrical drills are used.1 These devices may damage the nasal mucosa during osteotomy.6 The physiodispenser has irrigation properties, applies a more controlled power, and opens the bone effectively at low turnovers by virtue of the torque arm. Its contra-angle structure incorporates a special double-sealing system that prevents blood and fluids from entering the instrument head. Thus, it decreases heat production, leading to less tissue damage, protects both the lacrimal and nasal mucosa, and facilitates the formation of lacrimal-nasal wings. Moreover, the visualization of the surgical area becomes clearer due to the irrigation ability of the device and aspiration of the fluid by another aspirator.7–9
Surgical removal of orbital tumors by orbital approach using ultrasonic surgical system SONOPET®
Published in Orbit, 2022
Álvaro Bengoa-González, María-Dolores Lago-Llinás, Enrique Mencía-Gutiérrez, Agustín Martín-Clavijo, Elena Salvador, Mónica Gimeno-Carrero
One of these advances is the ultrasonic surgical aspirator system; first developed in 1962, it provides fragmentation and aspiration of the targeted tissue through direct contact of a titanium-alloy tip that oscillates at ultrasonic frequencies.4 The SONOPET® (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) ultrasonic aspirator is a handheld surgical tool that allows access to small operative fields, such as the orbit, and can preserve and expose selected tissue, such as neurovascular bundles, during the soft tissue tumor fragmentation and aspiration process, while simultaneously irrigating and aspirating the surgical field. Its design makes it possible to use it both in surgery of soft tissues, and in operations involving bone.5 It can facilitate osteotomies and bone removal to allow access to the orbit; it can sculpt bone into smooth or contoured shapes, and it can remove infiltrate or abnormal bone with little force.6 This technology has been used in orbital decompression and lacrimal surgery,7–9 and we have found three references to its use in orbital tumor surgery.7–9 Wladis et al.10 reported the resection of four orbito-cranial lesions using a fronto-temporal craniotomy with a cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA). Vrcez et al.6 and Sun et al.11 published three cases in their papers of removal or debulking of orbital tumors using SONOPET®.