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Anesthesia and Analgesia for Donkeys, Mules and Foals
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Tomas Williams, Michele Barletta
The facial artery can present several branches, making the placement of an arterial catheter difficult. Usually the facial, transverse facial and auricular arteries are preferred to monitor invasive blood pressure. Similarly to jugular catheter placement, it is advised to make a small skin incision at the site of catheter insertion, due to their thick skin.
Anesthesia for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Published in Theo Kofidis, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, 2021
Ti Lian Kah, Sophia Ang Bee Leng, Wei Zhang, Lalitha Manickam, Jai Ajitchandra Sule
Postoperatively, patients should be monitored for complications of peripheral cannulation following de-cannulation, including retrograde aortic dissection. Arterial cannulation sites are at risk for arterial thrombosis, whilst movement of the arterial catheter can dislodge atheromatous plaques resulting in systemic emboli that can produce damage to end organs such as the brain, kidneys and liver. Venous cannulation sites are at risk of thrombosis, putting patients at risk of pulmonary embolism [7].
Common cardiac conditions, drugs and methods of assessment
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
An arterial catheter is a specialised cannula inserted into the artery and when connected to special equipment it can continuously monitor the blood pressure (Woodrow, 2004) and usually also give a mean arterial pressure (MAP) reading. However, it is a good practice for the blood pressure to also be checked manually about once a shift (Garretson, 2005). Bloods can be taken for arterial blood gas estimation. To do this blood needs to be withdrawn and discarded first to avoid contamination with saline or heparin. Medications should never be given through an arterial line. Particular care of the site is necessary as dislodging the cannula will result in arterial bleeding. The cannula needs to be attached to an infusion (usually normal saline with or without heparin) under pressure.
Diaphragm pacing using the minimally invasive cervical approach
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2023
Don B. Headley, Antonio G. Martins, Kevin J. McShane, David A. Grossblat
Most intra-abdominal surgeries are performed with general endotracheal anesthesia and positive pressure ventilation.13 This allows the use of neuromuscular blockade and relaxes the abdominal musculature and diaphragm resulting in more favorable surgical conditions. The use of neuromuscular blockade and subsequent reversal adds to the polypharmacy of the anesthetic and increases the risk of allergic reaction14 and the potential for variable15 and residual weakness.16,17 Insufflation of the abdomen with carbon dioxide has potential hemodynamic and pulmonary consequences.13,18 Most intrathoracic surgeries are also performed with general endotracheal anesthesia.19 An arterial catheter is commonly placed in addition to standard American Society of Anesthesia monitors in order to achieve real time hemodynamic monitoring due to the proximity of the heart and great vessels in the thorax. At times, lung isolation would facilitate a more favorable surgical field and a double lumen endotracheal tube or bronchial blocker is utilized.20 These techniques can be technically challenging and increase the risks of airway trauma as well as pulmonary complications including atelectasis, pneumothorax, hypoxemia, and barotrauma.20,21 Therefore, in a patient without aspiration precautions and normal spontaneous respiratory function, sedation can be utilized in the cervical approach as the surgical stimulation is less intense when the abdomen and thorax are not entered.
CORM-401, an orally active carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, increases body temperature by activating non-shivering thermogenesis in rats
Published in Temperature, 2022
Mateus R. Amorim, Roberta Foresti, Djamal Eddine Benrahla, Roberto Motterlini, Luiz G. S. Branco
Rats had an arterial catheter implanted in the femoral artery with implantation of a polyethylene catheter (PE-10 connected to PE-50 tubing; Clay Adams, Parsippany, NJ, USA, Intramedic, Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) filled with saline in the descending aorta (for hemodynamic recordings), and then were pulled up through a subcutaneous track through the nape of the neck and then surgical incisions were sutured. Animals recovered and acclimated individually for 48 hours in the recording room before blood pressure recordings in unanesthetized unrestrained freely behaving rats. To avoid clogging of the catheters, they were flushed with heparinized saline (0.2 mL) one day before the recordings and on the day of the experiments before connecting the rats to the pressure transductor [24].
Inferior vena cava reconstruction with a superficial femoral vein graft after resection of a venous leiomyosarcoma
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2021
Ovidiu Tirnavean, Christophe Van Bellinghen, Luc Monfort, Bruno Coulier, Michel Buche, Spiridon Papadatos, François Buche, Pierre-Yves Etienne
The patient was placed in supine position with the hands placed longitudinally to the body. An arterial catheter for invasive monitoring of the arterial pressure (radial), a peripheric venous line, and a triple lumen central venous line were installed. Single lumen endotracheal tube was used. The patient was prepared and draped accordingly to provide access to the whole length of the abdomen with groins and upper legs prepared for the harvesting of the femoral vein graft. A Cell-Saver aspiration was used. Midline (xypho-umbilical) incision was chosen for this intervention (Figure 6). The retroperitoneal cavity was opened after a Kocher’s maneuver. The segment II of the inferior vena cava (inter- and supra- renal) was exposed. Systemic anticoagulation was obtained by administration of a dose of 5000 UI of Heparin before clamping the proximal part of the vena cava close to the iliac bifurcation, the supra-renal segment of the inferior vena cava and the two renal veins (Figure 7). The inferior vena cava was in bloc resected between the clamps and verification of the inferior vena cava margins and tumor was achieved.