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Cancer Epidemiology
Published in Trevor F. Cox, Medical Statistics for Cancer Studies, 2022
Concentrating on NCRAS, when somebody is diagnosed and treated for cancer, data on that person are generated in GP (General Practitioner) surgeries, hospitals, screening services, death certificates and other. Relevant parts of the data are sent to the cancer registry from one or more of these sources. There, the data are merged and then put on the cancer database. The collected data includes personal information, name, age, sex etc. as well as data relating to the person's cancer, type, stage, treatment, etc. Access to the database has to be sought and permission to use the data is only given for medical purposes: surveillance, clinical audit, service evaluation, ethically approved research and genetic counselling. A person whose data is on the database can ask for, and will be given, a copy of the data held on them.
Analysis of Population-Based Cancer Survival Data
Published in Yingwei Peng, Binbing Yu, Cure Models, 2021
Cancer data are important resources for public health and medical research. For patients and health care providers, data from a patient’s diagnosis and treatment history may provide valuable insight for determining the most effective treatment and survival prognosis. For government agencies and decision-makers, the cancer data and statistics may be used to understand the burden and trends of various cancers, to assess the quality of cancer care, and to measure progress of cancer control and prevention efforts. Cancer registry is an information system designed for the collection, management, and analysis of cancer data for patients who are diagnosed with a malignant or neoplastic cancer. The main missions of a cancer registry include (a) establishing and maintaining of a reporting system for new cancer incidences, (b) serving as an information resource for the investigation of cancer and its causes and (c) providing data for the planning and evaluation of cancer prevention and control efforts.
Introduction and Datasets
Published in Andrew B. Lawson, Using R for Bayesian Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Health Modeling, 2021
Outcomes pertaining to the course of disease progression are often characterized by a time to event outcome (rather than incidence). For example, date of diagnosis is a common time end point, whereas date of vital outcome is a further marker of progression. For cancer registry data often both end points are known. Survival data of this kind are often complicated by the fact that some individuals may not reach the end point during the observation period. For example, in cancer registry studies, individuals usually have a date of diagnosis, when they enter the registry, but may not have a vital outcome (death) during the period of study. Those who don't have a vital outcome are considered to be censored, in that they didn't have the end point during the observation period. This is known as right censoring and is the commonest form of censoring in survival studies. Here, an example of cancer registry data is analyzed. The example used is of prostate cancer in the US state of Louisiana registry, which is one of the federally accredited SEER registries. Figure 1.7 displays the parishes of Louisiana which are the basis of the georeferencing of the survival data, i.e., each individual in the registry has a parish address and so the spatial information in this example is contextual: the parish is used as a contextual spatial effect in these data.
Causal health attributes and beliefs of tobacco-related cancer patients in Assam, India
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2022
The study was conducted in the Barak Valley region, located in southern Assam. The Valley consists of three districts namely—Cachar, Karimganj, and Hailakandi. The study participants were drawn from the two main hospitals (one is a cancer specialized hospital that provides comprehensive cancer care, and the other is a state-funded referral hospital offering various treatment facilities including cancer) which offers cancer-specific treatment and services in the area. A Hospital-Based Cancer Registry and the two Population-Based Cancer Registries of the region are located in these two hospitals. Further, in addition to the higher rate of tobacco consumption and TRCs, the Valley shows a strong sociocultural affiliation and acceptance toward tobacco use, and serving chewable tobacco is considered as an integral part of its culture. These factors make the prevailing issue an interesting subject of enquiry in its existing cultural context.
Hidden morbidities: drop in cancer diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2021
Charlotte Wessel Skovlund, Søren Friis, Christian Dehlendorff, Mef Christina Nilbert, Lina Steinrud Mørch
Information on incident first cancer diagnoses was ascertained from national Danish registries covering all Danish citizens. The Danish Cancer Registry [11] was used for the period 2015–2018 and the National Patient Register for 2019 and 2020 [12]. The Patient Register is the primary source of the Cancer Registry. Since 2004 all cancer diagnoses at in- and outpatient hospital settings have been registered in the Patient Register. The Danish Cancer Registry are based on registrations in the Patient Register, the Danish Pathology Register [13] and the Danish Register of Causes of Death [14]. To ensure completeness, quality and incorporation of all death certificates, the Cancer Registry is updated at the end of each calendar year and thus has a delay of one year. We therefore used the Patient Register for the period 2019 and 2020. Cancer diagnoses in the Patient Register have not been validated up against the Pathology Register and does not include histologic details and contributions of cancer deaths with no previous record. However, in Denmark, only a few (∼1–2%) cancer cases are registered based on death certificates only [11,13].
Survey of 138 Conjunctival Tumors in the Dominican Republic
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2020
Fernando Pellerano, Gianna Gil, Ana Rosario, Nelson Mañon, Tomas Vargas, Gerson Vizcaíno
Neoplastic lesions of the conjunctiva include a large spectrum of conditions ranging from benign lesions, such as dermoids or nevi, to aggressive, life-threatening malignancies, such as melanoma, invasive SCC or Kaposi’s sarcoma.1 There have been few published series on the epidemiology of conjunctival tumors, most of which have been derived from pathology registries including, among others, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Bethesda, Maryland (n = 1120 tumors),2 Singapore Cancer Registry (n = 125 patients),3 Uganda (n = 312 patients),4 the Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, Maryland (n = 2455 lesions in adults),5 Farabi Eye Hospital, Iran (n = 447 and n = 274 neoplastic lesions)1,6 and Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (n = 1643 and n = 5002 patients).7–9 To our knowledge, there is no national registry nor reports on conjunctival tumors in the Dominican Republic or the Caribbean. Having a cancer registry could lead to a better cancer control, public health program planning, and patient care improvement in our population. Herein, we report the overall frequency of conjunctival tumors and evaluate the distribution of these tumors relative to patients’ age and gender.