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An Insight into Advanced Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Biomimetic Systems in Tissue Engineering
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Kusha Sharma, Abhay Tharmatt, Pooja A Chawla, Kamal Shah, Viney Chawla, Bharti Sapra, Neena Bedi
Iron is a naturally occurring metal in the human body, and the body has evolved to metabolise these particles. Therefore, iron oxide NPs are biocompatible. Due to their superparamagnetic nature resulting in a lack of interparticle attraction, NPs have a minimum risk of accumulation (Chaudhury et al., 2014). In general, magnetite and maghemite crystals with particle sizes 20−150 nm exhibit superparamagnetic order known as superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs). Their physicochemical properties are generally studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and dynamic light scattering (Navaei et al., 2016). Due to their size, magnetic properties, and biocompatibility, iron oxide NPs (SPION) have transpired as exceptional contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, the MRI signal intensity can be significantly controlled without altering its in vivo stability. Due to their ideal characteristics, SPOINs have been approved as possible substitutes for Gadolinium (III) contrast agents, among the most widely used contrast agents in MRI (Charlton et al., 2016).
Toxic Effects and Biodistribution of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles *
Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Gunter Schmid, Wolfgang G. Kreyling, Ulrich Simon
Why is the 1.4 nm Au cluster so special? The reason for its special behavior is to be seen in the electronic behavior. It can be described as the transition between bulk and molecule. The stability of the two-shell cluster Au55(PPh3)12Cl6 results from an impressive experiment. Surface deposited Au55 clusters, separated from each other, and compared with smaller and larger Au clusters, are treated with an oxygen plasma to remove the ligand shell. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows changes of all other particles, but not of Au55 [7]. Figure 15.7 shows the results. Au55 only shows a weak oxidic shoulder of a few clusters that are not exactly of full-shell type. All other species show well-expressed signals for oxidic species. This method can, therefore, be used to check the purity of a sample of Au55(PPh3)12Cl6.
Electron Spectroscopy For Chemical Analysis: Applications in the Biomedical Sciences
Published in R. Michael Gendreau, Spectroscopy in the Biomedical Sciences, 1986
Buddy. D. Ratner, Brien. J. McElroy
The number of new analytical tools available to the biomedical researcher is rapidly increasing; hence this volume. A frequently observed pathway for the development of these new techniques starts in the laboratories of physicists and physical chemists, moves after a period of instrument development into the laboratories of analytical chemists, and finally works its way into biological and biomedical laboratories. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA, also called X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) is in the transition region between the analytical chemists’ laboratory and the widespread introduction into the biomedical research community. This review article will describe the surface analysis technique called ESCA, discuss its potential for application to biomedical problems, and review the small but growing literature on the application of ESCA to biological and biomedical problems.
A comprehensive proteomics analysis of the response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to nanoceria cytotoxicity
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2023
Lidija Izrael Živković, Nico Hüttmann, Vanessa Susevski, Ana Medić, Vladimir Beškoski, Maxim V. Berezovski, Zoran Minić, Ljiljana Živković, Ivanka Karadžić
A colloidal dispersion of ceria particles (sol) was characterized as detailed in previous work (Stevanović et al. 2020; Riđošić et al. 2021). X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed that the synthesized CeO2 particles exhibited a fluorite-type crystal structure (space group: Fm3m, JCPDS 34-0394). The average crystallite size of ca. 4 nm, calculated according to the Scherrer equation, validated the method used to prepare the nano-sized ceria. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is generally used to inspect the surface state of a material. Here, we report a significant amount (27%) of Ce3+ in CeO2 nanoparticles, along with prevailing Ce4+. As previously described, both Ce3+ and Ce4+ oxidation states are present in ceria particles, while the amount of Ce3+ increases with decreasing particle size.
Poly-β-Cyclodextrin-coated neodymium-containing copper sulphide nanoparticles as an effective anticancer drug carrier
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Archana Sumohan Pillai, Aleyamma Alexander, Govindaraj Sri Varalakshmi, Varnitha Manikantan, Bose Allben Akash, Israel V. M. V. Enoch
The obtained pol-CD-coated NPs were analysed for their grain size, crystal phase, dislocation density employing X-ray diffraction (Bruker D8-Advance) using Cu kα (λ = 0.154 Å) radiation at angles 10–80°. The dimensions of the NPs were determined using high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR TEM–Jeol/JEM 2100). The average hydrodynamic size was done using Dynamic light-scattering (DLS) measurement (Malvern Nano Zs90 Zetasizer). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) instrument Jeol/JEM 2100 was employed to confirm the composition of the NPs. The magnetic property was followed on a Lake-shore 7410 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TA instruments, USA Model SDT Q600) was done to calculate the amount and rate of mass loss of the samples varying with the temperature. The quantitative atomic composition and the electronic state of the elements was determined using a Thermofisher Scientific Model Nexsa bas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Surface atomic arrangement of nanomaterials affects nanotoxicity
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Kaiwen Li, Zhongwei Wang, Hui Zeng, Jing Sun, Yue Wang, Qixing Zhou, Xiangang Hu
MoS2 nanosheets (1 T-MoS2) fabricated by chemical lithium intercalation were obtained from Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd. (XF137, Nanjing, China). Annealed exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets (2H-MoS2) were fabricated by annealing the 1 T-MoS2 samples at 500 °C for 3 h under an argon atmosphere and then cooling to room temperature. Morphological analysis of MoS2 nanosheets was performed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JEM-2800, JEOL, Japan) and atomic force microscopy (AFM, Dimension Icon, Bruker, USA). The hydrodynamic diameter of the MoS2 nanosheets in E3 embryo culture medium (5 mM NaCl, 0.17 mM KCl, 0.33 mM CaCl2, 0.33 mM MgSO4 and pH 7.4) and after rinsed with deionized water were measured using a ZetaSizer Nano-ZS instrument (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK). To analyze the monolayer MoS2 structure, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted with a Cu-Kα radiation source (Rigaku D/max-2500 XRD, Japan), and Raman spectral analysis was performed with a 532 nm laser (DXR Microscope, Thermo Scientific, USA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on an Axis Ultra XPS system (Kratos, Japan) with a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source (1486.6 eV).