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Upper Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo
Poland syndrome, a rare congenital anomaly, can lead to the absence of the sternocostal head, deficiencies of the clavicular head, or the absence of the entire pectoralis major muscle (Cingel et al. 2013; Snosek and Loukas 2016).
Breast Surgery
Published in Tjun Tang, Elizabeth O'Riordan, Stewart Walsh, Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva, 2020
Gaural Patel, Lucy Kate Satherley, Animesh JK Patel, Georgina SA Phillips
What are the main indications for lipomodelling?Following breast cancer surgery To correct WLE defects, improve coverage of implant-based reconstructions, stimulate neovascularisation following radiotherapy, augment autologous tissue reconstructionFor congenital abnormalities To correct volume asymmetry, chest wall abnormalities e.g. Poland syndromeFor aesthetic enhancement To correct contour problems following reduction/mastopexy, camouflage implant rippling, breast enhancement, disguise capsular contracture
Epidemiology of clubfoot
Published in R. L. Mittal, Clubfoot, 2018
McClure et al.98 reported 23 cases with direct physical examination diagnosis and 96 cases of self-reported diagnosis on survey, the largest series so far, of Moebius syndrome (with bilateral seventh cranial nerve palsy), with an average of 41.7% having clubfoot and the rest with other orthopedic defects. They found clubfoot incidence to be 60% in physical examination cases and 23% in survey cases. Clubfoot was the most common orthopedic defect in Moebius syndrome. Its association with Poland syndrome (unilateral absence of chest wall muscles and webbed fingers) were also present in 17% and 30% of cases in the two series. Klippel–Feil syndrome has also been reported to be associated with clubfoot. The exact etiology is not known, but there are many theories explaining a high association with orthopedic defects. There may be chromosomal abnormalities secondary to teratogenic exposure or a vascular episode subclavian in early pregnancy resulting in decreased blood supply to the brain stem causing such defects. Environmental factors, drugs such as misoprostol, and familial incidence have also been identified in some cases. Early diagnosis is important for proper diagnosis, recognizing the spine defects for anticipated anesthesia problems and timely treatment of orthopedic and other conditions, as well as timely counseling.
The use of Fat-Augmented Latissimus Dorsi (FALD) flap for male Poland Syndrome correction: a case report
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Fabio Santanelli di Pompeo, Michail Sorotos, Guido Paolini, Gennaro D’Orsi, Guido Firmani
Poland Syndrome (PS) is a sporadic congenital disease with a wide spectrum of presentations [1,2]. Typical features include the absence of the sternum-costal head of the pectoralis major (PM) muscle, along with glandular and subcutaneous tissue hypoplasia and thin overlying skin. Sometimes the nipple-areola complex (NAC) appears underdeveloped or missing. Clinical presentation may include skeletal deformities, costal cartilage and rib defects, ipsilateral upper limb malformations or elevation and rotation of the scapula, also known as Sprengel deformity [3]. The causes for PS are unknown, although a disruption of the embryonic blood supply to the subclavian arteries seems to be the most accepted hypothesis [4]. The prevalence at birth of this syndrome is of about 1–3 in 100.000 individuals, with male predominance at a ratio of 2:1–3:1 [5].
An infant presenting with failure to thrive and hyperkalaemia owing to transient pseudohypoaldosteronism: case report
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2018
Marieke De Clerck, Johan Vande Walle, Evelyn Dhont, Joke Dehoorne, Werner Keenswijk
A 3-month-old boy presented to the AZ Maria Middelares Hospital with a 5-week history of poor appetite and failure to thrive. He was born at term by spontaneous delivery following an uncomplicated pregnancy. Birth weight was 3730 g (50th centile), length 51 cm (50th centile) and head circumference 36.5 cm (50th centile). A congenital unilateral left hydronephrosis was detected prenatally and confirmed after birth. Cystography did not demonstrate any vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). During the first 2 months, growth was appropriate (50th centile) and developmental milestones were adequate. Feeding difficulties began in the third month of life when his parents noticed his reduced appetite and intake. He was offered 6 × 120–150 ml of Nan Pro1 infant formula but intake was reportedly only 100 ml/kg/d (recommended age-related intake 150–180 ml/kg/d). There was no fever, vomiting, diarrhoea or other symptoms. His 2-year-old sister had Poland syndrome, a rare birth defect characterised by unilateral underdevelopment or agenesis of the pectoral muscle which is often accompanied by ipsilateral webbing of the fingers. There were no relevant conditions such as urinary tract or metabolic disorders in the family.
Unexpected finding of thyroid hemiagenesis in a patient presenting with a right thyroid nodule and a history of Poland syndrome
Published in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2023
Cheikh Ahmedou Lame, Birame Loum, Peter Mazzaglia, Cheikhna Ndiaye, Thierno Boubacar Diallo, Abibou Ndiaye, Agnes Diouf, Aly Toure
Poland syndrome is defined primarily by congenital absence of the pectoralis major.1,2 Thyroid hemiagenesis is the congenital absence of a single thyroid lobe.3,4 The combination of both pathologies has not been previously published. We report to our knowledge the first observation of thyroid hemiagenesis and Poland syndrome, in a young Senegalese female.