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Fatigue
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Methylation is a biochemical process of DNA repair that makes sure every cell is functioning optimally. When specific compounds attach to a molecule, it acts like a “green light.” This process allows the molecule to do its work and regulate the activities of the body. When methylation is going well, your cardiovascular, neurological, reproductive, and detoxification system are optimized. When it is not going well, fatigue is the most common symptom. A genetic variant in an enzyme named MTHFR can contribute to poor methylation. You can improve the methylation cycle by eating healthy, whole-foods and essential B vitamins.
DNA methylation analysis using bisulfite sequencing data
Published in Altuna Akalin, Computational Genomics with R, 2020
The next obvious steps for annotating your DMRs/DMCs are figuring out which genes they are associated with. Figuring out which genes are associated with your regions of interest can give a better idea of the biological implications of the methylation changes. Once you have your gene set, you can do gene set analysis as shown in Chapter 8 or in Chapter 11. There are also packages such as rGREAT14 that can simultaneously associate DMRs or any other region of interest to genes and do gene set analysis.
Epigenetic Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Therapeutic and Dietary Interventions
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
P. M. Aswathy, C. M. Shafeeque, Moinak Banerjee
One of the best-studied epigenetic modifications is DNA methylation, which refers to the binding of a methyl group (–CH3) to the carbon in position 5 of a cytosine moiety, resulting in the formation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). The classic functions of DNA methylation are genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation in mammalian females, and gene silencing. This reaction occurs mostly at so-called CpG islands and is catalyzed by enzymes known as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). DNMTs are of four types, namely DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b. DNA methylation appears to be frequently involved in the processes associated with both healthy and diseased aging, particularly in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, the 5mC can be converted into 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5hmC), which is abundant in the brain (Tognini et al. 2015). The appropriate balance between methylated and demethylated states defines the state of health and disease.
Searching for DNA methylation in patients triple-negative breast cancer: a liquid biopsy approach
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Irsa Shoukat, Christopher R. Mueller
Unlike the linkage between actionable mutations and specific drugs targeting these genes, there have been few successful predictive DNA methylation-based markers. This is partially due to the fact that many of these targeted drugs were based on the early discovery of these common mutations. DNA methylation changes are as foundational and perhaps develop even earlier than mutation drivers but our knowledge of the extent and function of these changes has only emerged recently. Understanding the many roles that methylation plays in the origin and evolution of tumors will perhaps give us the opportunity to create targeted therapies that can then be applied in a directed manner. This could open up a new era where predictive DNA methylation assays incorporated into liquid biopsies would allow for the more precise matching of tumors and treatments, leading to better outcomes.
Association between the Extent of Peripheral Blood DNA Methylation of HIF3A and Accumulation of Adiposity in community-dwelling Women: The Yakumo Study
Published in Endocrine Research, 2022
Genki Mizuno, Hiroya Yamada, Eiji Munetsuna, Mirai Yamazaki, Yoshitaka Ando, Ryosuke Fujii, Yoshiki Tsuboi, Atsushi Teshigawara, Itsuki Kageyama, Keisuke Osakabe, Keiko Sugimoto, Hiroaki Ishikawa, Naohiro Ichino, Yoshiji Ohta, Koji Ohashi, Shuji Hashimoto, Koji Suzuki
Lifestyle and/or environmental factors cause epigenetic alterations, which play a critical role in several health conditions such as obesity and metabolic disease.13–16 DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression by adding a methyl donor to cytosine to enable the regulation of transcription.17 Lifestyle factors, including dietary habits, modulate DNA methylation.18,19 Several animal20–22 and epidemiological studies23–25 have shown that environmental factors, including food intake, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption, cause DNA methylation in blood or tissues. Moreover, global DNA hypermethylation of leukocytes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the general Japanese population.26 Thus, DNA methylation might be a novel biomarker of metabolic diseases caused by environmental factors and lifestyle.
DNA methylation in pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Juan Duan, Baiyun Zhong, Zhihua Fan, Hao Zhang, Mengmeng Xu, Xiangyu Zhang, Yan Y Sanders
Lung cancer and fibrosis are two distinct diseases that share multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, including alterations in DNA methylation. In this review, we focus on traditional DNA methylation, excluding other forms of DNA modification, such as the recently identified DNA hydroxymethylation, which shows its importance as an epigenetic regulator of gene expression. DNA methylation and demethylation play pivotal roles in lung cancer and fibrosis. DNA methylation at a gene’s regulatory region can either directly regulate gene expression or recruit MBPs to areas that affect related regulatory complexes, activating or repressing gene expression according to cellular cues. Alterations in methylation patterns can be used for diagnosis or therapeutic targets. Although epigenetic biomarkers reveal substantial potential for clinical application, these studies are still in their infancy. DNA methylation signatures are stable and relatively easy to detect in tissues and body fluids [89,90]. Establishing such markers would be invaluable for the early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer and lung fibrosis, which would also aid in predicting treatment efficacy and tracking treatment efficiency or resistance. Efforts to identify and establish methylation biomarkers using plasma cell-free DNA have been reported in both lung cancer and fibrosis, and were able to differentiate between lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and healthy subjects [91]. However, transcriptome and methylation profiles of lung cancer in patients with IPF remain unclear.