China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Recombinant DNA Technology and Gene Therapy Using Viruses
Published in Patricia G. Melloy, Viruses and Society, 2023
Recombinant DNA technology, also known as genetic engineering, is the idea that a gene or stretch of DNA from one biological source can be transferred to another source where it can be expressed in that new organism (Alberts et al. 2019; Kurreck and Stein 2016; Mukherjee 2016; Colavito 2007; Minkoff and Baker 2004). The transfer of genetic material into the new organism is a kind of genetic modification, resulting in a genetically modified organism (LabXChange 2022). The genetically modified organism (GMO) can also be called a transgenic organism, meaning that it is an organism containing a transgene or newly introduced gene (Pray 2008).
Regulatory Challenges for Gene Delivery
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Vineet Mahajan, Shruti Saptarshi, Yashwant Pathak
Genome editing is a frontier technology that has revolutionized fields of medicine and plant/animal biotechnology. Human, animal, and plant genomes can now be specifically altered using editing tools such as TALENS, ZFNs CRISPER-Cas systems to develop new generation biopharmaceuticals and improved livestock or plant varieties.40 Regulatory bodies worldwide have already set up regulations for dealing with genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Inclusion or exemption of gene-edited organisms as GMOs is unclear. As a result, there are several inconsistencies in setting up regulatory frameworks for such products. Gene editing can be used to manipulate somatic as well as germline DNA.
All is changed – changed utterly
Published in Brendan Curran, A Terrible Beauty is Born, 2020
Does the precision that is so characteristic of plant genetic engineering mean that a new toxin or allergen can never arise in a genetically engineered plant? – No. However, allergies and toxins are no more likely to occur in genetically modified plants than in any other plant variety. Peanuts are known to cause fatal allergic responses, and scores of other foodstuffs have severe, if less fatal effects, on millions of individuals, but these foodstuffs are readily available. All of the scientific evidence to date suggests that genetically modified organisms are no more likely to have adverse allergenic or toxic effects than any other crop. Therefore, provided that such potential side effects are properly evaluated and minimised, it is difficult to see why the use of such crops should pose any threat to the human food chain.
Promoting an interdisciplinary food literacy framework to cultivate critical citizenship
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Amy C. Rowat, Michael Soh, Hannah Malan, Leeane Jensen, Laura Schmidt, Wendelin Slusser
Interdisciplinary approaches to promote an effective understanding of food are urgently needed. Food is an integral part of our daily lives, as well as our culture and society; what we eat impacts our health, our environment, and our communities. Yet, navigating the world of food choices has become increasingly complex and challenging. Food—and its role in the social, political, and personal realms of our lives—continues to evolve with the increasing industrialization of the food system, advances in science and technology, and expanding knowledge of chronic disease etiology. Food-based topics are popularized and sensationalized in the media, and our lives are flooded with information and advertising. The omnipresence of social media provides a platform for even greater diversity of voices and viewpoints, as well as misleading and inaccurate information. Technologies, such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), are rapidly evolving and increasingly used in agriculture and marketing. Recent findings reveal that the scientific literature has been tainted by conflicts of interest1.
The role of the human gut microbiota in colonization and infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Irene Wuethrich, Benedikt W. Pelzer, Yascha Khodamoradi, Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild
Probiotics are viable microorganisms which, when administered in sufficient quantities, have beneficial effects on the health of the host.68 If used as a drug with an associated health claim, they are referred to as live biotherapeutic products/agents.69 While probiotics are traditionally isolated from food, live biotherapeutics may be isolated from various niches. The latter may also include genetically modified organisms. Disease targets range from cancer, to autoimmune diseases (including asthma), to clearance of infectious agents. Mechanisms of action are specific to individual strains, and generally fall into one or multiple categories: microbiota modulation by direct interaction or competition, host metabolism modification,11,12 and host immunity modulation.
Cubosomal based oral tablet for controlled drug delivery of telmisartan: formulation, in-vitro evaluation and in-vivo comparative pharmacokinetic study in rabbits
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Mohamed Yasser, Mahmoud Teaima, Mohamed El-Nabarawi, Rehab Abd El-Monem
GMO is considered to be such an essential component for the preparation of the promising system. This is simply due to its unique structure characteristics. While the reference standard steric stabilizer for the preparation of liquid crystalline nanocarrier (LCN) is Poloxamer 407, the latter is mainly composed of polypropylene oxide (PPO) polyethylene oxide (PEO) block copolymer. The role of this triblock co-polymer in stabilizing the formed LCN can be explained by understanding its structure. Poloxamer 407 has both polar (PEO) part and non-polar (PPO) part; the non-polar part is supposed to interact with the lipid bilayer, while the polar part will face the aqueous portion. We can conclude that he stabilizing effect of Polaxamer 407 is due to the suitable balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts [31]. Optimization of cubosome stabilizing system is the most critical factor in the preparation of an efficient formulation. The optimization process was carried out regarding oil phase concentration, type and concentration of the primary stabilizer and the presence of extra stabilizer. Based on visual observations for signs of instability for 1 week and the most critical physicochemical character in preparing all types of lipid nanocarriers, the choice of the optimum ratio was done. Results showed that the formulae prepared with the both ratios (9:1) and (1:1) showed homogenous opaque white mixtures with no distinct signs of instability or aggregates when freshly prepared.