China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The urinary tract and male reproductive system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Luis Beltran, Daniel M. Berney
Cryptorchidism has been discussed elsewhere in this chapter. Important congenital abnormalities of the penis include the following: Hypospadias, in which the urethra opens onto the ventral aspect of the penile shaft, after incomplete fusion of the urethral folds during embryological development.Epispadias, when the urethra opens onto the dorsal aspect of the shaft; this is frequently associated with bladder exstrophy due to abnormal differentiation of the cloacal membrane.Congenital phimosis – foreskin that cannot be retracted.
Pediatric urology
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Laurel Sofer, Emilie K. Johnson
Epispadias is the least severe form of EEC, consisting of a dorsally located urethra, with a closed abdominal wall and bladder. It is caused by failure of the dorsal urethral plate to tubularize. Epispadias is even less common than CBE, occurring in 1/150,000 to 1/300,000 girls. Often, epispadias is associated with bilateral VUR. A large percentage of patients born with epispadias suffer from incontinence. Patients with an epispadias defect closer to the bladder neck tend to have smaller bladder capacity and more severe incontinence.
Miscellaneous conditions affecting the genitalia
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Epispadias (Fig. 24.5.1) is a very rare congenital defect of the urethral meatus position that occurs in males and females, although it is more frequent in males. In males the urethra generally opens on the dorsal (upper) surface of the penis, on the side of the penis, or occasionally over the entire length of the penis rather than the tip. In females the urethral opening may be in the belly area with the urethra split along its length dorsally.
A case of penile duplication with neonatal teratoma and bladder neck incompetence
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2021
Martin Skott, Ulrik Korsgaard, Yazan F. Rawashdeh
In the current case, pseudodiphallia was present, with a rudimentary atrophic penis with only one well-developed corpus cavernosum and one less developed corpus spongiosum and lack of urethral tissue and hence, no connection to the bladder. The patient voided through the orthotopic penis which had two corpora cavernosae and a corpus spongiosum with normal erectile function. Cystourethroscopy of the orthotopic penis revealed a normal distal urethra, but a short posterior urethra and a wide-open bladder neck. The latter has been described before in patients with penile duplication [9]. Some of these cases, moreover have other characteristics of exstrophy-epispadias complex [8], including variants of covered exstrophy, pseudoextrophy and cloacal exstrophy with concomitant penile duplication [13–14]. In the present case, no other characteristics of exstrophy-epispadias complex were noticed.
Outcome of anastomotic urethroplasty in traumatic stricture (distraction defect) of posterior urethra in boys
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2020
Ghulam Mujtaba Zafar, Sikandar Hayat, Javeria Amin, Fawad Humayun
The data were reviewed from July 2013 to June 2018. All boys aged ≤16 years with traumatic distraction defect (stricture) were included in the study. Stricture following corrective surgery (hypospadias, epispadias, and exstrophy repair) and patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. All the boys initially underwent suprapubic cystostomy (SPC) followed by delayed urethroplasty. Some additional procedures before definite urethroplasty were performed in a few boys. ‘Rail-roading’ and catheter placement was done by an adult urologist in two boys. In four boys, unsuccessful end-to-end urethroplasty had already been done before referral. A groin flap had been applied by a plastic surgeon in one boy with massive trauma who lost both his testis and scrotum. Three boys underwent laparotomy and a diverting colostomy for associated gut injuries; one of them developed recto-urethral fistula later in addition to stricture of the urethra.
Bladder Exstrophy Polyp: An Uncommon Entity in Surgical Pathology
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
A 7-month-old male infant was born full-term via spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 29-year-old healthy mother. Antenatal care was uneventful with a normal anatomic ultrasound study at 20 weeks of gestation. At birth, there was epispadias and bladder exstrophy with multiple tan-red sessile polyps. No additional dysmorphic features or anomalies were seen. Multiple polypoid lesions were resected during the surgical repair at 7 months of age.