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Oxidative Stress: Relevance, Evaluation, and Management
Published in Botros Rizk, Ashok Agarwal, Edmund S. Sabanegh, Male Infertility in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Kristian Leisegang, Ralf Henkel
Mechanism of OS induced DNA damage includes aberrant spermatozoa maturation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis [26,29,34,35]. Consequences of increased DNA fragmentation are very significant. These include the inability for genomic fusion after oocyte penetration (causing infertility), which is associated with spontaneous abortion if fertilization does occur and also with numerous disorders in the offspring [26] because this damage can be transmitted to the progeny [34].
Diagnostic evaluation of the couple with recurrent implantation failure
Published in Efstratios M. Kolibianakis, Christos A. Venetis, Recurrent Implantation Failure, 2019
Engin Turkgeldi, Sule Yildiz, Baris Ata
In conclusion, there is inadequate evidence to promote sperm DNA integrity tests in patients with RIF. Even with the assumption that the test has predictive value, it is not known if use of antioxidants or other medications improves reproductive outcomes. There is not much to offer to the patient with a high DNA fragmentation rate except for lifestyle changes such as switching to a healthy diet or quitting smoking, which should be suggested regardless of sperm DNA fragmentation status.
Sperm chromatin assessment
Published in David K. Gardner, Ariel Weissman, Colin M. Howles, Zeev Shoham, Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, 2017
Ashok Agarwal, Rakesh Sharma, Gulfam Ahmad
Sperm DNA integrity correlates with pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization (IVF) (17,19–22). High sperm DNA fragmentation can compromise fertilization rates, embryo quality, and early embryonic growth and result in pregnancy loss (10). In addition, sperm DNA fragmentation may also compromise the progression of pregnancy and result in spontaneous miscarriage or loss of biochemical pregnancy. Sperm DNA fragmentation seems to affect embryo post-implantation development in ICSI procedures (10). Therefore, it is recommended that sperm DNA fragmentation analysis should be included in the evaluation of the infertile male (22).
Management of recurrent implantation failure: British Fertility Society policy and practice guideline
Published in Human Fertility, 2022
Mariano Mascarenhas, Yadava Jeve, Lukasz Polanski, Abigail Sharpe, Ephia Yasmin, Harish M. Bhandari
Sperm DNA fragmentation has risen in importance as spermatozoa in normal semen samples, as assessed according to sperm concentration, motility and morphology using World Health Organisation 2010 criteria (T.G. Cooper et al., 2010) may nonetheless display high levels of DNA damage (Avendaño et al., 2009). Sperm with poor DNA integrity may have the capacity to achieve fertilisation, but may be incapable of supporting embryonic development, implantation and maintaining a pregnancy to achieve a live birth. Tests of sperm DNA integrity have shown a positive correlation between DNA fragmentation and miscarriage rates (Robinson et al., 2012). However, one small study noted that sperm DNA fragmentation was not significantly different in RIF or recurrent miscarriage when compared to fertile fathers (Coughlan et al., 2015).
Should the current guidelines for the treatment of varicoceles in infertile men be re-evaluated?
Published in Human Fertility, 2021
Sylvia Yan, Maj Shabbir, Tet Yap, Sheryl Homa, Jonathan Ramsay, Kevin McEleny, Suks Minhas
Various assays are used for the measurement of sperm DNA fragmentation including the COMET, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling), SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) and Halo and SCSA® (Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) (Sharma, Masaki, & Agarwal, 2013). The SCSA® test has been developed using human and animal models over the last 35 years and is one of the most statistically robust tests available (Evenson, 2013). It measures the susceptibility of sperm DNA to denaturation when it is exposed to heat or acids. The percentage of sperm with DNA damage is expressed by the DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI). The statistically significant DFI threshold for infertility has been established at ≥25% (Evenson, 2013). Currently, measurement of sperm DNA fragmentation is not routinely recommended in the diagnostic evaluation of male factor infertility by international guidelines, but it may have a role in the assessment of patients who fail ART. For example, failure of embryogenesis, recurrent miscarriage (Pacey, 2018).
Investigation on photo-induced mechanistic activity of GO/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite against wound pathogens
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2020
Jayabal Prakash, Kannan Sampath Kumar Venkataprasanna, Darmalingam Prema, Sheik Mohideen Sahabudeen, Samal Debashree Banita, Gopinath Devanand Venkatasubbu
The DNA was isolated from all the bacteria and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Figure 13(a,b) show the fragmentation of the bacterial DNA in absence and presence of light. The DNA was damaged in all bacteria in the presence of 50%-GO/TiO2. An increase in the exposure time might result in the DNA fragmentation which is reported elsewhere (Damodar et al. 2009). GO and TiO2 both induces DNA fragmentation as the ROS interact with DNA and results in the destruction of the structure. The length of the ladder increases as the percentage of GO in the nanocomposites increases. Similar DNA fragmentation was seen in other composites. In the presence of visible light, the DNA fragmentation is high due to the high production of ROS. The DNA interacts with GO due to the π-π stacking and conjugated structure and presence of the oxygen group. The OH- radicles induced by TiO2 photocatalytic reaction induced the leakage of potassium ions, RNA and proteins from the cell.