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Paper 3
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Ca19-9 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Chromogranin A and B are used as biomarkers for neuroendocrine tumours. Alpha-fetoprotein is elevated in a variety of conditions including some tumours such as hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumours.
Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Natasha Shrikrishnapalasuriyar, P.N. Plowman, Márta Korbonits, Ashley B. Grossman
All patients should be staged by the TNM system, and histopathology obtained to grade the tumor. Chromogranin A is a rather non-specific and not highly sensitive blood test, but is useful for patient follow-up. The newer NETest is under development and may prove helpful in the future. In addition to routine cross-sectional imaging with CT/MR, it is advised that functional radionuclide imaging with 111In-octreotide or preferably with 68Ga-dotatate PET scanning, with CT or MR co-registration, should be routinely performed at baseline, and thereafter at intervals.
Adrenal Gland and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 and 2
Published in Victor A. Bernstam, Pocket Guide to GENE LEVEL DIAGNOSTICS in Clinical Practice, 2019
Chromogranin A can be identified immunologically, by antibodies to its different portions (pancreastatin and betagranin)by ISH, detecting the intact chromogranin A mRNA coding for both pancreastatin and betagraninposttranslational modification of the parent molecules by proteolytic cleavage produces several chromogranin A and B peptides
An adrenal cortical adenoma with neuroendocrine-type granules mimicking pheochromocytoma
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2023
Leonardo Rossi, Carlo Enrico Ambrosini, Liborio Torregrossa, Maria Margherita de Santi, Raffaella Guazzo, Tommaso Simoncini, Alessandra Bacca, Benard Gjeloshi, Francesco Pignatelli, Mattia Iachini, Elisa Loguercio, Chiara Becucci, Gabriele Materazzi
Moreover, a previous report by Alsabeh and colleagues1 described five patients with adrenal cortical neoplasms in whom the preoperative biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was made. Histological examination revealed two adrenal adenocarcinomas and three adrenal adenomas. The immunohistochemical examination reported evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation in four tumors (three tumors were positive for neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin and a fourth tumor was positive for synaptophysin only; all tumors were negative for chromogranin). Furthermore, neurosecretory granules were found in one neoplasm. These evidences confirmed that adrenal cortical tumor may exhibit clinical and biochemical presentation that mimic pheochromocytoma due to the presence of neuroendocrine differentiation.1 Accordingly, Simon et al.6 described a case of adrenal cortical tumor associated with hypertensive peaks and with elevated 24 h urinary catecholamines metabolites. At histological examination, tumor cells resulted negative for chromogranin A, but positive for synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase, confirming the neuroendocrine differentiation.
Eyelid basal cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: a case report and literature review
Published in Orbit, 2021
In Young Chung, Penny McKelvie, Ye Chen
There is not a standardized set of neuroendocrine markers that characterize BCCs with neuroendocrine differentiation. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of individual neuroendocrine markers is uncertain. In order to assess the prevalence of individual neuroendocrine marker expression by BCCs, the literature was examined. Aside from the aforementioned six case reports, there were a further eight papers which contained neuroendocrine marker immunohistochemistry results for CD56, Chromogranin A, Synatophysin and NSE.1,4,5,7–17 These eight papers did not include detailed demographic and clinical information, and hence were excluded from Table 1. The collective neuroendocrine marker immunohistochemistry data of 240 BCCs are summarized in Table 2.1,4,5,7–17Table 2 shows that CD56 was the most prevalent neuroendocrine marker in BCCs, found in 85% of BCCs. This was followed by Chromogranin A, which was found in 25% of BCCs. One study, however, detected Chromogranin A expression in over 70% of the 33 BCCs examined.10 On the other hand, one study showed Chromogranin A expression in only 4% of the 53 cutaneous BCCs examined.11
Identification of the differentially expressed protein biomarkers in rat blood plasma in response to gamma irradiation
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Jia-Li Sun, Shuang Li, Xue Lu, Jiang-Bin Feng, Tian-Jing Cai, Mei Tian, Qing-Jie Liu
Chromogranin-A (CHGA) is an acidic glycoprotein and present in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells (Goetze et al. 2013). It is the precursor to several functional peptides. In plasma, CHGA protein is an important early biomarker of the stress response (Seki-Nakamura et al. 2011) and severity in critically ill patients at admission (Zhang et al. 2009). Furthermore, it could also be used as an indicator for pancreas (Zhang et al. 2019), prostate cancer (De Nunzio et al. 2014; Guo et al. 2019b), heart disease (Goetze et al. 2013), and diabetes (Herold et al. 2018). Our study illustrated that there was a better dose–response relationship between the expression level of CHGA protein and radiation dose in both mass spectrometry screening and ELISA confirmation, which indicates CHGA protein level could be a potential biomarker for radiological dose evaluation.