China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Paper 3
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Ca19-9 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Chromogranin A and B are used as biomarkers for neuroendocrine tumours. Alpha-fetoprotein is elevated in a variety of conditions including some tumours such as hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumours.
Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Natasha Shrikrishnapalasuriyar, P.N. Plowman, Márta Korbonits, Ashley B. Grossman
All patients should be staged by the TNM system, and histopathology obtained to grade the tumor. Chromogranin A is a rather non-specific and not highly sensitive blood test, but is useful for patient follow-up. The newer NETest is under development and may prove helpful in the future. In addition to routine cross-sectional imaging with CT/MR, it is advised that functional radionuclide imaging with 111In-octreotide or preferably with 68Ga-dotatate PET scanning, with CT or MR co-registration, should be routinely performed at baseline, and thereafter at intervals.
Adrenal Gland and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 and 2
Published in Victor A. Bernstam, Pocket Guide to GENE LEVEL DIAGNOSTICS in Clinical Practice, 2019
Chromogranin A can be identified immunologically, by antibodies to its different portions (pancreastatin and betagranin)by ISH, detecting the intact chromogranin A mRNA coding for both pancreastatin and betagraninposttranslational modification of the parent molecules by proteolytic cleavage produces several chromogranin A and B peptides
Role of Diet in the Management of Carcinoid Syndrome: Clinical Recommendations for Nutrition in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Salvatore Artale, Sabrina Barzaghi, Nunziata Grillo, Claudia Maggi, Stefano Lepori, Chiara Butti, Antonella Bovio, Lucia Barbarini, Andrea Colombo, Laura Zanlorenzi, Elena Castiglioni, Alessandra Trojani
Chromogranin A is a sensitive, and effective marker for diagnosis and follow-up of NETs (12). It has also been reported to have the highest accuracy and to be the most reliable marker that reflects the clinical status of NETs (13). As such, its correct determination is essential for management of these tumors (13). t has been reported that while intake of caffeine‐containing beverages prior to blood sampling appears to have no impact on measurement of chromogranin A in patients with gastroenteropancreatic NETs, intake of a 5‐item English breakfast (available items to choose from: one slice of bacon, one sausage, one fried egg or scrambled egg, fried bread, toast, baked beans, plum tomato, black pudding or one hash brown) moderately raised plasma chromogranin A levels in individuals who were not on treatment with a long‐acting somatostatin analog (14). In addition, the same study found that proton pump inhibitors have the potential to interfere with sampling of chromogranin A (14). Given these findings, fasting should be encouraged prior to measuring chromogranin A during screening and follow-up in patients with presumably resected disease (14). Overnight fasting, or at least for 6 h, has also been recommended prior to fasting gut hormone profile (15). Moreover, if the patient is on a proton pump inhibitor this should be temporarily discontinued (15).
Identification of the differentially expressed protein biomarkers in rat blood plasma in response to gamma irradiation
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Jia-Li Sun, Shuang Li, Xue Lu, Jiang-Bin Feng, Tian-Jing Cai, Mei Tian, Qing-Jie Liu
Chromogranin-A (CHGA) is an acidic glycoprotein and present in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells (Goetze et al. 2013). It is the precursor to several functional peptides. In plasma, CHGA protein is an important early biomarker of the stress response (Seki-Nakamura et al. 2011) and severity in critically ill patients at admission (Zhang et al. 2009). Furthermore, it could also be used as an indicator for pancreas (Zhang et al. 2019), prostate cancer (De Nunzio et al. 2014; Guo et al. 2019b), heart disease (Goetze et al. 2013), and diabetes (Herold et al. 2018). Our study illustrated that there was a better dose–response relationship between the expression level of CHGA protein and radiation dose in both mass spectrometry screening and ELISA confirmation, which indicates CHGA protein level could be a potential biomarker for radiological dose evaluation.
An unusual presentation of insulinoma and the serious consequences of delayed diagnosis
Published in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2020
Laboratory investigation (Table 1) confirmed hypoglycaemia with a glucose of 1.3 mmol and with non-suppressed insulin of 23.8 mIU/l and C-peptide of 3 mg/l measured at the same time. Her serum cortisol level was 778 nmol/l excluding hypocortisolaemia as a cause for hypoglycaemia. Her thyroid function tests were normal as was her renal function (urea 2.3 mmol/l and creatinine of 53 µmol/l). Chromogranin A level was elevated with a level of 139.50 ng/ml (normal reference range less than 101.9 ng/ml). Urine for sulfonylurea screen was unavailable for testing. She also had mild normocytic anaemia with a haemoglobin level of 11.3 g/l. Her CD4 count was 549 with a viral load that was suppressed on highly active antiretroviral therapy for a duration of 6 years. All other blood results were within normal reference limits. In view of the history and findings the clinical impression was that of an insulinoma.