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Consent to treatment
Published in Gary Chan Kok Yew, Health Law and Medical Ethics in Singapore, 2020
We will examine how the SMC’s ethical code and ethical guidelines on consent have been applied in medical disciplinary (and medical negligence) cases and important ethical considerations for medical doctors dealing with patients with diminished mental capacity.
The Concept of Health Care Quality
Published in A.F. Al-Assaf, Managed Care Quality, 2020
As item 12 suggests, quality is the fabric of the very existence of the health care professions. Ethics dictates that one must provide the best and most appropriate care accessible to the patient. It is the basis of the humanistic aspect of the health care field. It is the duty of health care professionals to provide quality care and service to fulfill this ethical code.
The Hippocratic Oath and Its Challengers
Published in Robert M. Veatch, Laura K. Guidry-Grimes, The Basics of Bioethics, 2019
Robert M. Veatch, Laura K. Guidry-Grimes
Until the later decades of the twentieth century, then, physicians and other healthcare professionals often used some adaptation of the Hippocratic Oath as their ethical code (and some continue to do so to this day). The definitive feature is a commitment to benefiting the patient without any acknowledgment of patients’ rights, such as the right to be told the truth or to give consent before being treated. A right is a claim to a moral or legal entitlement. Rights cannot be defeated merely by appeals to good consequences that would result from failing to honor them. The more purely Hippocratic codes also pay no attention to the welfare of society or other individuals (although we have seen that both Percival and the AMA depart from the standard Hippocratic formula by mentioning some secondary concern for social benefits).
Compliance of imipenem and meropenem administration with the national antimicrobial stewardship program in a referral teaching hospital in Iran
Published in Hospital Practice, 2022
Kobra Bahrampour Juybari, Vaice Vosooghi, Mehrdad Zahmatkesh, Majid Mirmohammadkhani, Fatemeh Paknazar
This cross-sectional study was conducted with the support of the Social Determinants of Health Research Center of xx University of Medical Sciences (ethics code: IR.SEMUMS.REC.1398.019) under the principles of confidentiality. The statistical population included the records of patients, who had received at least one dose of either imipenem or meropenem during hospitalization in xx Hospital between 21 March 2017 and 20 March 2019. xx Hospital, with 260 beds, is a tertiary referral teaching hospital, affiliated to xx University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. As the largest teaching hospital in the city, it provides services for a population of nearly 200,000 people. A sample size was of 297 was estimated for this study, based on the Cochran’s formula (n = 1300, P = 0.5, d = 0.05, α = 0.05).
‘None of my providers have the slightest clue what to do with me’: Transmasculine individuals’ experiences with gynecological healthcare providers
Published in International Journal of Transgender Health, 2021
Lex Pulice-Farrow, Kirsten A. Gonzalez, Louis Lindley
Discrimination of trans patients by medical providers is the result of a variety of factors including: cisgenderism, or explicit discrimination against trans individuals (Ansara & Berger, 2016); implicit biases against trans individuals; or to a provider’s discomfort with working with trans individuals (Shires et al., 2018). In a recent study conducted by Shires et al. (2018), 85.7% of doctors acknowledged that they were willing to provide routine healthcare to trans individuals. Further, only 78% of those surveyed were willing to perform routine gynecological exams (e.g., Papanicolaou tests) on trans men (Shires et al., 2018). These results are startling – medical providers are bound by their own ethics to help their patients and refer out only when necessary, yet these statistics show that many doctors are willing to go against their ethics code when coming into contact with a patient they feel uncomfortable with. These statistics stand in stark contrast to various online blogs and academic papers that underscore the importance of transmasculine individuals obtaining gynecologic care (see Dutton et al., 2008; Unger, 2014, 2015). However, Shires et al. (2018) did find that the more educated a healthcare provider was regarding trans issues, the more likely they were to treat a trans patient.
Beyond the Boundaries: Ethical Issues in the Practice of Indirect Personality Assessment in Non-Health-Service Psychology
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2020
Arrigo and others promote “absolute” deontological ethical principles that categorically prohibit psychologists from involvement in professional activities, including indirect personality assessment, when voluntariness, informed consent, nonstipulated harms, and ethical accountability are absent. They argue that psychology practice in these contexts is not and should not be considered ethical, or even psychology at all. Nevertheless, real-life ethical decision making outside the boundaries of health service psychology necessarily might require a situational ethics framework involving a balanced assessment and weighing of harms. Because abstract moral rules and principles are “extensively indeterminate … that is, lack sufficient determinative content for many practical judgments,” specifying and balancing norms are required for concrete situations without an expectation of complete coherence (Beauchamp & Childress, 1994, p. 16). In this context, the American Psychological Association ethics code and the principles of beneficence or nonmaleficence, including Arrigo’s notions of voluntariness, stipulated harms, and ethical transparency, serve as prima facie obligations (Beauchamp & Childress, 1994; Kitchener, 1984);4 that is, they “provide a standard framework within which to critically consider ethical issues” (Kitchener, 1984, p. 52). In balancing of the two distinctive inclinations to moral judgments suggested by Greene’s dual-process model (Conway & Gawronski, 2013), the practitioner must determine the greatest balance between harms and right over wrong.