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Medicinal Plants: Perspectives And Retrospectives
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
D. V. Swami, M. Anitha, M. Chandra Surya Rao, A. B. Sharangi
Herbalism was flourished in the Islamic world, particularly in Baghdad and in Al-Andalus. Among many works on medicinal plants, Abulcasis (936–1013) of Cordoba wrote The Book of Simples, and Ibn al-Baitar (1197–1248) recorded hundreds of medicinal herbs such as aconitum, nux vomica, and tamarind in his Corpus of Simples. Avicenna, in his written document The Canon of Medicine, incorporated many plants in 1025. Further, the authors Abu Rayhan, Biruni, Ibu Zuhur, and Peter of Spain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_plants) popularized pharmacopeia. In the Greek civilization, Hippocrates (470–471 BCE) was the first to reject divine causality and developed a new approach to cure diseases based on scientific scrutiny of the human body. Hippocrates is nowadays considered the Father of Medicine. His work was based on religion and, in opposition with the mainstream Aesclepian beliefs, marked the first split between science-based and religion-based medicine. The Hippocratic Oath is a moral orientation and dictum in the medical community worldwide. Galen, a Greek physician, afterward contributed to the growth of Greek medical wisdom contained by the Roman Empire, which became the leading mention for more than a millennium (Tipton, 2014).
The potential contribution of the Delphi technique to the study of professional identity
Published in Roger Ellis, Elaine Hogard, Professional Identity in the Caring Professions, 2020
Norma Reid Birley, Elaine Hogard
In the caring professions, the concept of ‘values’ is inextricably linked with codes of professional ethics. Most medical schools in the world still use some form of the Hippocratic Oath, which is, in essence, an attempt to state fundamental values/ethical standards to which graduating medical students publicly swear. In its various versions through the ages, it has remained surprisingly succinct, ranging originally from some five short statements to some eleven (Lasagna, 1964). But it has often been simply characterised as the following.
Engaging doctors to reduce restraint
Published in Bernadette McSherry, Yvette Maker, Restrictive Practices in Health Care and Disability Settings, 2020
Ethical codes and charters for clinicians have been around for a long time. The Hippocratic Oath, possibly not written by Hippocrates himself, was written sometime in the fourth or fifth century Bc E. It states, ‘I will follow that system of regimen which, according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever is deleterious or mischievous’. It refers to being ‘bound by Oath and Covenant according to the Law of Medicine’.
Should the Clinical Ethicist Document Her Complicity in Intentional Deception?
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2021
Physicians today still regard the Hippocratic Oath, sometimes with updates, as somehow ethically relevant. Beyond self-monitoring mindfulness,4 they believe in the external accountability of peer review, if not divine oversight/discipline, they accept state licensure/regulation, and they fear misery from the hit-and-miss plaintiff’s bar. Nevertheless, studies regularly find that when forced to make difficult choices, most physicians indicate some willingness to deceive. In defense, they appeal to consequences, prefer eliding unpleasant topics rather than telling frank lies, and give greater weight to patients’ welfare and keeping confidences rather than to truth-telling for its own sake.5 Artful deception may be an element of “the art,” but no physician covets a liar’s reputation. Would/should a consulting clinical ethicist risk it?
Self-Defeating Codes of Medical Ethics and How to Fix Them: Failures in COVID-19 Response and Beyond
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2021
Within the Hippocratic tradition there is an implicit assumption that upon completing one’s medical education, one has acquired the knowledge necessary to translate therapeutic intent into clinical benefit. So strong was the duty to use one’s judgment to benefit the patient and to protect the patient from harm that it was seen as legitimating the abrogation of a patient’s right to self-determination. Critical to the justification for overriding patient autonomy was the idea that health is always a patient’s highest priority and that the clinician’s superior knowledge about the best ways to protect, preserve or restore health grounded a responsibility to act in the patient’s interests, even if that meant overriding the patient’s ability to make free and informed decisions for themselves (Goldman 1980, 156–229). It was not seen as a “harm or injustice” (Hippocratic Oath 2013), in other words, to withhold information, to lie or to cajole as long as these were done to advance the patient’s medical best interests and to protect them from harm.
Physician attire: physicians perspectives on attire in a community hospital setting among non-surgical specialties
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2020
Basil George Verghese, Sanjana Kalvehalli Kashinath, Nagesh Jadhav, Sohni Reddy, Konara Sachith Bandara, Tara Chen, Carl H. Reynolds
Hippocrates promulgated the Hippocratic Oath that all physicians are familiar with. What we are less familiar with, is that he also advised physicians ‘must have a clean appearance, and wear good clothes, using a sweet-smelling scent this is pleasant when visiting the sick.’ [1] Over 2000 years later, with the evolution of medicine, the physician’s attire has also been continually evolving. Several previous studies have demonstrated that physician attire is essential to patients, their perception of the care they received, and their overall satisfaction [2–4]. The majority of studies on how patients perceive their physician’s attire concluded that the patients still preferred a more traditional dress style, as defined by the white coat. A recent cross-sectional observation study by Petrilli et al. [5] concluded that 53% of patients indicated that physician attire was essential to them during care.