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Engaging doctors to reduce restraint
Published in Bernadette McSherry, Yvette Maker, Restrictive Practices in Health Care and Disability Settings, 2020
The Declaration of Geneva, as a more contemporary version of the Hippocratic Oath, was adopted by the General Assembly of the World Medical Association in 1948. In 2017, in Chicago, the World Medical Association adopted the most recent revision of the Declaration of Geneva (Parsi-Parsi 2017). The 2017 version added two new components relevant to the consideration of restrictive practice: ‘I will respect the autonomy and dignity of my patient’; andThe existing statement, ‘I will practise my profession with conscience and dignity’ had the following words added, ‘and in accordance with good medical practice’. The Declaration also says, ‘I will not use my medical knowledge to violate human rights and civil liberties, even under threat’.
The Hippocratic Oath and Its Challengers
Published in Robert M. Veatch, Laura K. Guidry-Grimes, The Basics of Bioethics, 2019
Robert M. Veatch, Laura K. Guidry-Grimes
When the World Medical Association (WMA) first adopted its Declaration of Geneva in 1948, it closely followed the wording of the Hippocratic Oath. It has undergone revisions, gradually abandoning its exclusive focus on the Hippocratic Principle. In 1968, it strengthened the confidentiality provision. In 1983, it seemed to soften its pledge to respect human life from the time of conception, changing it to read “from its beginning.” In 1994, it references gender-inclusiveness and added gender and sexual orientation to its nondiscrimination provision. In 2005, it simply pledged to respect human life (removing “from its beginning”). In 2006, it added for the first time a commitment not to violate human rights and civil liberties. Most recently, in 2017 it added a pledge to respect the autonomy and dignity of the patient. While up until this point the Declaration had pledged the physician to hold the “health” of the patient as the physician’s “first consideration,” in this revision the pledge was expanded to focus on the patient’s “health and well-being.” In all, the WMA has moved considerably beyond the paternalistic focus on the individual patient’s health.
The ethics of medical practice
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
Since its foundation in 1947, a central objective of the World Medical Association (WMA) was to establish and promote the highest possible standards of ethical behaviour and care by physicians. To try and achieve this the WMA adopted global policy statements on a range of ethical issues related to medical professionalism, patient care, research on human subjects and public health. The WMA Council and its standing committees regularly review and update existing policies and continually develop new policy on emerging ethical issues. The WMA serves as a resource of ethics information by cooperating with academic institutions, global organisations, and individual experts in the field of medical ethics. As a result of the horrific violations of medical ethics during the Second World War (1939–1945), the international medical community restated the Hippocratic Oath in a modern form in the Declaration of Geneva in 1948 most recently amended and revised in 2006 to state:
The United States as an Isolationist in Global Biomedical Ethics and Human Rights
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2019
Also during 1948, at the 2nd General Assembly of the WMA the Declaration of Geneva was adopted. The Declaration of Geneva is informally known as the “physician’s pledge” (WMA 2017). The WMA developed the pledge as a modernized version of the Hippocratic Oath for use by its member associations. The current pledge, as does the original from 1948, states, “I will not permit considerations of religion, nationality, race, party politics or social standing to intervene between my duty and my patient” (WMA 2017). Also, the pledge states: “I will not use my medical knowledge to violate human rights and civil liberties, even under threat” (WMA 2017). Despite these principles, some health care facilities and clinicians in the United States practiced forced medical repatriation of undocumented patients (Kuczewski 2019). Though the practice may receive some accolades from certain politicians or conservation commentators, as Kuczewski (2019) notes, the practice is “repugnant to clinical and organizational ethics.”
Triage 4.0: On Death Algorithms and Technological Selection. Is Today’s Data- Driven Medical System Still Compatible with the Constitution?
Published in Journal of European CME, 2021
Dirk Helbing, Thomas Beschorner, Bruno Frey, Andreas Diekmann, Thilo Hagendorff, Peter Seele, Sarah Spiekermann-Hoff, Jeroen van den Hoven, Andrej Zwitter
So demands “The Physician’s Pledge” (the “Declaration of Geneva”1https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-geneva/ (last accessed on 18 August 2021).) in its new 2017 version, also known as the Hippocratic Oath. But are the procedures used in medicine still compatible with this – or is our society now threatened by technical selection? Given the recent use of various forms of triage methods, among them algorithm-based and data-driven ones, serious concerns arise.
Dismantling medical education’s incompatible ideology
Published in Medical Teacher, 2023
If it can detrimentally affect physicians, then empathy stands in opposition to another aspect of medical education’s ideology: physician wellbeing. In 2017, the World Medical Association amended the Declaration of Geneva to include, in the Physician’s Pledge, the following oath to self-care: