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General Medical Services in England
Published in Arthur Newsholme, International Studies Volume 3, 2015
Ruled to be within the doctor's obligations:— Fracture of leg,Curetting of uterus,Reduction of dislocated elbow under an anæsthetic.Removal of needle from foot.Taking blood for Wassermann test.Vaccination.
Italy1
Published in Arthur Newsholme, International Studies Volume 2, 2015
I give only the grouped figures, which comprised altogether 313 children suffering from mental defect, neuropathic lesions, or epilepsy. In these several groups the proportion which gave a positive Wassermann test for syphilis varied from 72 to 86 per cent.; a proportion which assumes significance when it is stated that of the children in open-air schools in Milan only 10 to 12 per cent. gave the same positive reaction.
The Prevention of Venereal Diseases
Published in Sir Arthur Newsholme, The Story of Modern Preventive Medicine, 2015
A further and most important step in control of syphilis was made by Ehrlich (1854–1915) to whose life-work special reference may be made here. His life story is a romance in organic chemistry. In his earlier studies he showed that animal tissues could be stained differentially by anilin dyes, and thus was made possible advance in modern bacteriology. In 1890–1899 in the course of his investigation of toxins and antitoxins as bearing on immunity in infectious diseases, he evolved his side-chain theory. From 1899–1906 his studies of hcemolysins led to the development of the theory of ambiceptors, with which his side-chain theory was completed. This work and the prior study of antibodies by Bordet and Gengou led to the discovery of the Wassermann test for syphilis.
Thyroid gland involvement in secondary syphilis: a case report
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Thomas Strypens, Gudrun Alliet, Greet Roef, Linsey Winne
The involvement of the thyroid gland during a syphilis infection is rare [8,9] and was first described in 1908 [10]. Thyroid gland involvement is more common in women than in men [8,9]. Though thyroid gland involvement is rare, as many as 50% of cases of secondary syphilis in women were reported to be associated with painful swelling of the thyroid gland [10]. The lesions were described as firm, painless, gummatous or sclerous, mostly unilateral, lesions with a rare occurrence of ulceration or myxedema [10]. Fever, pain, pharyngitis, erythema or local inflammation were not mentioned, but symptoms of local compression were common [10]. Thyroid dysfunction has been reported with hypothyroidism in congenital syphilis and hyperthyroidism in both congenital and acquired syphilis [10]. Most of these cases date back to the early twentieth century before the widespread use of antibiotics and often lack histological or microbiological evidence for micro-organism invasion [10]. Diagnosis was often based on histologic examination, response to non-antibiotic, antisyphilitic therapy or a positive Wassermann reaction, which may have led to an erroneous estimation of thyroid gland involvement in syphilis. The Wassermann test is not specific to syphilis and may produce a positive reaction to other infectious diseases, malignancies and even pregnancy [11]. In our case, the swelling of the thyroid caused complaints of local compression; dyspnea, difficulty to swallow and talk, and hoarseness were present. Besides tachycardia, there were no suggestive symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis was made using real-time PCR where DNA was manually extracted from the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) aspirate and the primer set-up was based on a case report by Chen et al. [12].