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Respiratory Tract Infections
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Most upper respiratory infections (URIs), such as the common cold or pharyngitis, are of viral etiology. Epiglottitis and laryngotracheitis (croup) are exceptions, with severe cases likely caused by Hemophilus influenzae type b. Bacterial pharyngitis is often caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.1
Cranial Neuropathies I, V, and VII–XII
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Damage to olfactory epithelium: Upper respiratory infections.Exposure to chemicals and toxins: herbicides, pesticides, solvents, and heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, nickel, and manganese).
Unexplained Fever In Hematologic Disorders Section 1. Benign Hematologic Disorders
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Cyclic neutropenia is a disorder attributed to periodic pluripotent stem cell failure, which usually occurs at 21-day intervals. The disease has an autosomal transmission and is seen in infancy or childhood. During the neutropenic episodes fever may be present for a few days, as well as stomatitis, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, skin infections and, at times, vaginal and rectal ulcerations. Severe upper respiratory infections may also occur. Cyclic neutropenia may also be accompanied by thrombocytopenia and reticulopenia.
Off-label dermatologic uses of IL-17 inhibitors
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Our search resulted in one retrospective cohort study evaluating the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in five Behçet’s disease patients with active mucocutaneous and articular manifestations (Table 1). Four patients received 150 mg secukinumab every four weeks, and one patient received 300 mg secukinumab every four weeks because she met criteria for psoriatic arthritis (20). The patient receiving 300 mg of secukinumab every four weeks achieved complete resolution of mucocutaneus and articular disease manifestations within three months, which was maintained at nine-month follow-up. Among the four patients who received 150 mg of secukinumab every four weeks, two achieved complete resolution of disease by six months. The other two patients achieved partial resolution of disease at six months, had their dosages increased to 300 mg secukinumab every 4 weeks, and subsequently achieved complete resolution by nine months. Two patients experienced upper respiratory infections. No severe adverse events were reported.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and intravascular volume management strategies in the critically ill
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Amir Kazory, Claudio Ronco, Peter A. McCullough
The infection by SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by substantial variability of clinical syndromes, from asymptomatic infected persons to mild symptoms up to a small proportion of patients with a fatal outcome. At an early stage, infected patients generally present with mild upper respiratory infection symptoms similar to the common cold. Reports from China indicate that most patients with COVID-19 had mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, dry cough, upper airway congestion, shortness of breath, and myalgia/arthralgia.4 A subset of these patients presented with gastrointestinal manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.4 Among the 14% with more severe disease, additional manifestations (e.g., respiratory rate ≥30/min and blood oxygen saturation ≤93%) were present, and 5% were critical, with respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiorgan dysfunction or failure.4,5 A significant subset of these patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Hypoxemic respiratory failure is the most common cause of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).6,7 Additionally, it is becoming clear that there is a sequence of distributive shock, abrupt renal failure, and death that occurs despite all forms of supportive care. Older age, the presence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, and the development of complications such as early acute kidney injury (AKI) are among poor prognostic factors.6,7
Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome Following Acute Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2019
Chang-Sue Yang, Ming-Hung Hsieh, Huan-I Su, Yih-Shiuan Kuo
EBV infection is asymptomatic in most patients because of a highly effective host immune response. Some individuals develop self-limited infectious mononucleosis, while others develop EBV-associated lymphoid or epithelial malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The interaction between the virus and the immune response that determine the outcome of infection is not clearly understood.18 Because the majority of EBV infections are subclinical, serology data of EBV is important for the investigation of EBV exposure and acute infection clinically. In the current study, one patient showed positive Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen (EB-VCA) IgM, and all cases were seropositive EBV capsid antigen (EB VCA) IgG antibody within 1–2 weeks after the acute ocular manifestations of MEDWS. Some of the victims experienced prior upper respiratory infection symptoms 1–2 weeks before the visual problems. All titer of the EB VCA IgG antibody were more than 1:160 in the acute stage of the disease. After ocular lesion completely subsided, the EB VCA IgG titer decreased 4-fold 2 months later in recovery stage. These serology data indicate that there was a recent or continuing EBV infection, and the immune response was triggered. It also means that there are EBV lytic replication and destruction of EBV-infected B cells in these patients.