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Psychological Effects of COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Binish Khaliq, Mehvish Azam, Ahmed Akrem, M. Yasin Ashraf, Sumera Anwar, Arif Malik, Samina Yaqoob, Hawa Ze Jaafar
Epidemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) commonly a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that have been started in Wuhan, a city of China [1]. During the pandemic (COVID-19) social activities became restricted to all over the world due to quarantine situation. Human activities were also banned. During the quarantine time period, most of the people were badly affected by COVID-19. This pandemic disease caused a number of mental illnesses, i.e., depression, anxiety, emotional disruption, nervousness, restlessness, insecurity, distress, and changes in mood. Emotional collapse, trauma, and annoyance were rapidly appeared due to loss of sleep-in human. A report showed that 9.6% population have great chance to get infection of swine flu (influenza A H1N1) and 32.9% moderately affected [2]. During SARS, Ebola, and MERS pandemic situation, serious mental health issues were appeared in humans [3]. A significant relationship in between the anxiety and avoiding behavior was observed during the MERS outbreak in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) [4]. Around 53.8% of citizens of China were moderately shown psychological disorders, 16.5% affected by depressive disorders, 28.8% and 8.1% showed anxiety problem and great levels of stress, respectively, during COVID-19. There was no decrease in anxiety and depression about four weeks of COVID-19 [5, 6].
Sparking and Sustaining the Essential Functions of Research
Published in Thomas S. Inui, Richard M. Frankel, Enhancing the Professional Culture of Academic Health Science Centers, 2022
Eric B. Larson, Christine Tachibana, Edward H. Wagner
As an outgrowth of GHRI’s contribution to vaccine safety, a group led by Lisa Jackson was selected after competitive review by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases as a US center to investigate vaccine effectiveness. Working with partners at Seattle Children’s Hospital, the UW and FHCRC, GHRI is now one of eight NIH-funded Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units in the country that conduct field clinical trials on new or modified vaccines for infectious disease. GHRI was one of the first programs to administer the swine flu vaccine in the United States during 2009 trials – at a time when rigorous trials needed to be performed quickly because of a predicted global epidemic.
Lessons Learned from COVID-19 and Their Implementations for Future Pandemics
Published in Debmalya Barh, Kenneth Lundstrom, COVID-19, 2022
Mauricio Corredor, Debmalya Barh, Kenneth Lundstrom
The 2009 Swine flu outbreak raised serious concern about an imminent pandemic [1]. The relatively short outbreaks of SARS (2002–2003) [2] and MERS (2012) [3]. did not reach the level of a global pandemic. Today, more than a year after the onset of the biggest pandemic in history, many scientific, medical, economic, and social questions remain. In this final chapter, we will evaluate the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic so far. Social, economic, and political aspects will be considered, but not analyzed, because the point of view of science and medicine is always that of self-assessment, not that of the judgment of other disciplines.
Variations in older people’s use of general practitioner consultations and the relationship with mortality rate in Vantaa, Finland in 2003–2014
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2019
Katri Mustonen, Timo Kauppila, Ossi Rahkonen, Jarmo Kantonen, Marko Raina, Tiina Mäki, Kaisu Pitkälä
The mortality rate was also investigated, as it represents an outcome reflecting the objective health need of older population. The favorable trend in decreasing mortality appeared to pause in 2009–2010 (–2012), corresponding to the decrease in the supply of GP consultations. This is in line with an Icelandic study suggesting that regular GP visits maintained patients’ longevity in several chronic diseases since appointments were important for recognizing symptom escalation, allowing treatment to be adjusted before the occurrence of more serious events [24]. It is also in line with a recent American study showing that the supply of GPs is associated with mortality [25]. There may also be other explanations for the changing mortality trends. The swine flu epidemic might have caused increased mortality in 2009 in older age groups. This is supported by a similar phenomenon in mortality simultaneously occurring for the entire Finnish population. The mean mortality rate of individuals aged 65+ years in Vantaa was at a modest level relative to other parts of the country.
Influenza A (H1N1) outbreak in the Asokore Mampong Sub – Municipal, Ghana: A case report
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2019
Justice Ofori-Amoah, Reindolf Anokye, Alfred Mensah, Francisca Ahiavih Esinam, John Baffoe Yeboah, Isaac Kofi Kontor
Swine Flu or the Influenza A (H1N1), refers to an acute respiratory disease that originated from pigs. It is known to have been caused by one of several swine influenza A strains and its highly contagious (Dandagi & Byahatti, 2011). It is transmitted like a virus from one person to another in the same way influenza spreads (Fotedar, Fotedar, Sharma, & Bhardwaj, 2013) and it is typically incubated within one (1) to four (4) days averaging two (2) to three (3) days (Fotedar et al., 2013). Symptoms of the virus include sore in the throat, severe headache with chills, coughs, weakness as well as general unpleasant feeling similar to the symptoms of influenza. There have been cases where some persons who had swine flu showed severe respiratory illness such as pneumonia or respiratory failure resulting in death (Fotedar et al., 2013). Those that are at a higher risk for complications from swine flu are usually those suffering from chronic medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes as well as women who are pregnant (Connecticut State Department of Public Health, 2018).
Variant influenza: connecting the missing dots
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Vivek Chavda, Rajashri Bezbaruah, Tutumoni Kalita, Anupam Sarma, Juti Rani Devi, Ratnali Bania, Vasso Apostolopoulos
Global pandemics with many deaths and morbidity ensue with the emergence of novel strains of viruses for which no immunity has developed in the human population [45]. These viruses were the main culprit of the Asian flu, Spanish flu, and Hong Kong flu outbreaks in the 19th century in 1957, 1918, and 1968, respectively (Figure 3) [46–48]. Viral flu outbreaks occur regularly with variations in severity. Swine flu is caused by influenza A strains including subtypes such as H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H2N3, H3N1, and H3N2 [49,50]. Influenza type A belongs to the genus Orthomyxovirus in the family Orthomyxoviridae. It is an eight-segmented single-stranded RNA virus with a diameter of approximately 120 nm [51–54].