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Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
The clinical effects of Strongyloides stercoralis infection include rash or pruritus (penetration phase); pneumonitis and cough (migration phase); and abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting (intestinal phase) (31). Immunosup-pressed patients are at high risk from fulminant autoinfection. The drug of choice for treatment is ivermectin (200mg/kg/day orally × 2 days) with albendazole (400mg orally BID × 7 days) listed as an alternative. Strongyloidiasis in pregnancy may be left untreated until postpartum if symptoms are mild. Severe cases should be treated antepartum.
Control of Human Intestinal Nematode Infections
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
Strongyloides stercoralis, a parasite infecting 5 to 10% of people in tropical areas, produce duodenitis in immunocompetent patients and may act as opportunistic parasite in immunosuppressed cases. In this circumstance it may invade all the intestinal tract, the lungs, and other viscera, causing important disease and even death. Due to the growing frequency of transplants and the use of immunosuppressive drugs, the number of disseminated strongyloidiasis is increasing. Unfortunately, there are difficulties in getting the appropriate anthelmintic drugs for this parasite in many tropical countries, a fact explained when referring to the anthelmintic drugs.
The Helminths
Published in Donald L. Price, Procedure Manual for the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites, 2017
In addition to eggs of helminths, juvenile worms (larvae) may be found in fecal specimens. Infection with Strongyloides stercoralis occurs throughout tropical and temperate areas of the world but is more prevalent in the warm, wet regions of the tropics. Man is considered to be the typical, definitive host of S. stercoralis, but dogs and cats may also be infected and act as reservoir hosts for man (Georgi and Sprinkle, 1974). The female worms of S. stercoralis inhabit the crypts of the duodenum or the first section of the jejunum where they lay partially embryonated eggs. The juvenile develops rapidly, emerges from the egg, and usually migrates to the intestinal lumen. Juveniles pass down the intestinal tract and are evacuated with the feces.
Identifying the response process validity of clinical vignette-type multiple choice questions: An eye-tracking study
Published in Medical Teacher, 2023
Francisco Carlos Specian Junior, Thiago Martins Santos, John Sandars, Eliana Martorano Amaral, Dario Cecilio-Fernandes
Boy, 4 years old, complaining of perianal itching, exacerbated at night with restless sleep and irritability. The older brother has had similar symptoms for about a month. Physical examination: no changes. The cause is infection with:Trichuris Trichiura.Enterobius vermicularis.Ancylostoma duodenalis.Strongyloides stercoralis.Typical HCQ
Multiple lung nodules, eosinophilia and severe asthma
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2022
Anurag Bhalla, Jean-Claude Cutz, Ehsan A. Haider, Michael Trus, Parameswaran Nair
Spirometry demonstrated FEV1 0.95 L (40%), VC 2.1 L (70%), FEV1/VC 0.45. She had persistent blood eosinophilia since 2007 (peak of 2.0 × 109 cells/L). Investigations demonstrated high sputum eosinophils (peak of 54%), elevated IgE (967 IU/mL), positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) (1:40 titer with a homogenous pattern), positive rheumatoid factor (51.2 IU/mL) and negative anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA). Flow cytometry of bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood did not show any aberrant T-cells or clonal B-cell population. Molecular testing was negative for c-KIT, Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) (V617F) and Fip1-like 1 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (FIP1L1/PDGFRA) mutations, T-cell gene rearrangement and BCR-ABL1 fusion gene transcript. Bone marrow biopsy showed a large lymphoid nodule with a mix of B- and T-cells. Echocardiogram was normal. Stool examination for ova and parasites was negative and serology for strongyloides stercoralis was negative.
Overcoming challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic infectious diseases in migrants
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Francesca F. Norman, Belen Comeche, Sandra Chamorro, Rogelio López-Vélez
Strongyloides stercoralis (and S. fülleborni) belongs to the group of soil-transmitted helminthiases that may cause chronic infection in humans. Transmission occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical regions and an estimated 30–100 million people could be infected worldwide. Strongyloidiasis may affect migrants from all geographical areas. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis found a pooled strongyloidiasis seroprevalence of 12.2% in migrants and a stool-based prevalence of 1.8% [103]. The highest seroprevalences were found in migrants from East Asia and the Pacific region (17.3%), sub-Saharan Africa (14.6%) and Latin America and the Caribbean (11.4%). Data from the GeoSentinel network also found strongyloidiasis to be a frequent infection in migrants, accounting for 5% of the diagnoses in this group during the period 1997 to 2009 [104]. In a recent study of imported infections in Spain during the period 2009 to 2017, over 1200 cases of strongyloidiasis were reported, mostly in immigrants, accounting for nearly 10% of all cases registered [105].