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Pathogens Transmitted by Arthropods
Published in Victor A. Bernstam, Pocket Guide to GENE LEVEL DIAGNOSTICS in Clinical Practice, 2019
PCR amplification assays have been described for two members of the Rickettsiae: Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of murine typhusRickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia conorii, the etiological agents of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and boutonneuse fever, respectively
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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Murine Typhus (Rickettsia typhi, Syn: flea borne typhus, endemic typhus) Howard Taylor Ricketts (1871–1910), in 1920, named the causative organism Dermacentroxenus typhi. Rollo Eugene Dyer (b 1886) and co-workers isolated rickettsia from rat fleas in 1931. In the same year, Hermann Mooser (1891–1971) and Hans Zinsser (1878–1940) obtained the infective agent from rats in Mexico, and the name murine typhus was proposed by Mooser in 1932. The infective agent, a rickettsial organism, was isolated by Mooser in 1928 from the tunica vaginalis of guinea pig after intraperitoneal injection of blood from patients with murine typhus. The species was named Rickettsia mooseri, in honor of Ricketts and Mooser.
Fleas (order Siphonaptera)
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2015
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Hosts and transmission Although they often have preferred hosts, most fleas are not highly host specific, readily transferring between hosts of different species. For instance, the cat flea C. felis readily uses both cats and dogs, as well as humans and other mammals as hosts. Various flea species transmit a variety of viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic parasites. The most important flea-borne disease is bubonic plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The most important vector species is probably the oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis, but other species, including Pulex irritans, the human flea, are capable of transmitting plague. Rickettsia typhi, the bacterium responsible for murine typhus, is transmitted by several flea species. Myxoma virus, a pathogen in rabbits, is transmitted by several arthropods including fleas. C. felis, C. canis, and P. irritans all serve as intermediate hosts of the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum (see page 459). Trypanosomes in the subgenus Herpetosoma, and tapeworms in the genus Hymenolepis may also be vectored by fleas.
Murine typhus
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Seamus Lonergan, Gowtham Ganesan, Stephen J. Titus, Kashif Waqiee Ahmed
In the ED, it is difficult to make a diagnosis when the classic screening tests looking for etiologies have negative results, but it is important for clinical curiosity to remain high. Often during an admission, the opportunity for further history including travel, occupation, hobbies, and animal exposure can lead to discovering the fever’s origin. This case specifically highlights the importance of asking about pet history and flea exposure, as the etiology of this prolonged febrile illness was discovered to be murine typhus due to Rickettsia typhi.
Antinuclear antibodies in infectious diseases
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2020
Jae Hyoung Im, Moon-Hyun Chung, Young Kyoung Park, Hea Yoon Kwon, Ji Hyeon Baek, Seung Yun Lee, Jin-Soo Lee
Pathogens were not confirmed in 39 patients (group 4 in Figure 1). Of these, 7 patients were seropositive by IFA for O. tsutsugamushi, B. henselae, Rickettsia typhi, and SFG. The clinical diagnoses of patients without a confirmed pathogen (group 4) are shown in Table 3.