China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The cardiovascular system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Mary N Sheppard, C. Simon Herrington
Bacterial pericarditis usually complicates septicaemia or pyaemia, or arises due to direct spread from pneumonia, empyema, or an ulcerating carcinoma of the bronchus or oesophagus. S. aureus, Haemophilus spp. and streptococci are the most common organisms. Tuberculous pericarditis is due to either haematogenous spread from the lung or direct extension from the trachea, bronchi, or mediastinal lymph nodes. Granulomatous inflammation progresses to fibrous obliteration of the pericardial sac, calcification, and constrictive pericarditis.
Diseases encountered by the Society 1870–1914
Published in Gordon C Cook, Disease in the Merchant Navy, 2019
Smith’s report for 1877 was accompanied by a table showing numbers of deaths resulting from pyaemia and erysipelas during a 22-year period (1854–1876). There was at that time great emphasis (by Florence Nightingale 1820–1910] amongst others) on these two important hospital-associated infections; the design and status of hospitals was assessed on the prevalence of those two entities. Smith pointed to a decline in mortality following removal to the Caledonia in 1856; however, after removing the clinical facilities to land there had been an increase in ‘pyaemic’ deaths; this, he considered, was due to an increase in the numbers of landsmen treated. This author correctly predicted that with the more widespread introduction of the ‘antiseptic method’ numbers of cases of pyaemia and erysipelas would decrease.33
Medicine and Surgery in Early Victorian Britain
Published in A.J. Youngson, The Scientific Revolution in Victorian Medicine, 2018
In the mid-nineteenth century surgeons spoke of four septic diseases – so-called ‘hospital diseases’. These were erysipelas, pyaemia, septicaemia, and hospital gangrene. Before the 1860s or 1870s surgeons did not at all clearly distinguish one of these diseases from another. Erysipelas varies in intensity, from an angry blush on parts of the face, to extensive inflammation and suppuration among the muscles. Pyaemia is characterised by the formation of septic clots in the veins, which clots, or parts of them, travel along the blood stream to the lungs and other parts of the body, giving rise to abscesses. Septicaemia included several conditions, but meant, on the whole, blood-poisoning in which clotting in the veins was absent or unimportant. Hospital gangrene was a process of mortification which turned living tissue into a moist grey slough, surrounded by an angry blush, and was progressive. These were all forms of sepsis, and in each case there took place the formation and spread of pus within the body.
Facts and ideas from anywhere
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2018
Two years after he began experimenting with carbolic acid at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Lister published his finding in The Lancet. On March 26, 1867, the first installment of a five-part article titled “On a New Method of Treating Compound Fracture, Abscess, etc., with Observations on the Conditions of Suppuration” appeared in print. The other four parts followed in the coming weeks. In these articles, Lister demonstrated that he had instituted a system based on Louis Pasteur's highly contested view that putrefaction was caused by germs in the air. He wrote that “minute particles suspended, which are the germs of various low-forms of life, long since revealed by the microscope, and regarded as merely accidental concomitants of putrescence” had now been shown by Pasteur to be its essential cause. During the weeks and months that followed, not a single incident of pyemia, gangrene, or erysipelas had occurred on Lister's wards since he had introduced his system. As might be expected, many of his colleagues around the country did not accept the premise that germs were to blame for putrefaction, and Lister was criticized considerably by many. Some colleagues ridiculed him, others called him as a pretentious charlatan whose ideas were foolish at best, and possibly dangerous. A surgeon at University College Hospital railed against his antiseptic treatment. These types of ridicule obviously bothered Lister greatly. He fought back with facts and further striking successes.
A Novel Method of Damage Control for Multiple Discontinuous Intestinal Injuries with Hemorrhagic Shock: A Controlled Experiment
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2020
Weihang Wu, Zhicong Cai, Nan Lin, Weijin Yang, Jie Hong, Li Lin, Zhixiong Lin, Junchuan Song, Yongchao Fang, Chen Lin, Hongwen Zhang, Dongsheng Chen, Yu Wang
At 19 h after EET, a dog in the IL group was sacrificed because of severe vomiting that necessitated aspiration. The remaining 9 dogs underwent definitive surgery. At 35 h after definitive surgery, a dog in the IL group was sacrificed due to intestinal fistula that led to severe pyemia. The remaining eight dogs survived for at least a month after the definitive surgery, and no late complications occurred.