China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Acute tonsillitis is a rapid-onset infectious inflammation of the tonsils, situated in the lateral recesses of the oropharynx. Though tonsillitis is most frequently caused by self-limiting viral infections, bacterial infections including streptococci may cause severe febrile disease with neurological and cardiac sequelae. Complications include peritonsillar abscess. Infection of the small pockets within the tonsils (cryptic tonsillitis) may produce chronic foul-smelling, purulent discharges along with local swelling and pain.
Adenotonsillar Conditions and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Peritonsillar abscess is a collection of pus lateral to the tonsil. Symptoms include unilateral sore throat, trismus, and lymphadenopathy. The treatment is antibiotics, needle aspiration, or incision and drainage.
Respiratory system
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
Frequent attacks of real tonsillitis despite appropriate antibacterial prophylaxis is accepted as an indication for tonsillectomy by even the most conservative paediatricians; however, the emphasis is on real tonsillitis and not inflamation of the tonsils as part of an upper respiratory tract infection due to viral causes which are not an indication no matter how severe they may be. Peritonsillar abscess was previously regarded as an absolute indication, but effective use of appropriate antibiotic therapy, with surgical drainage where indicated, has produces cures so that in many, perhaps most, cases tonsillectomy is no longer necessary. Sleep apnoea is an absolute indication. There is no association between the tonsils and middle ear infection.
Best management of patients with an acute sore throat – a critical analysis of current evidence and a consensus of experts from different countries and traditions
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Ronny K. Gunnarsson, Mark Ebell, Robert Centor, Paul Little, Theo Verheij, Morten Lindbæk, Pär-Daniel Sundvall
Patients with potentially complicated acute sore throat require assessment by a physician to explore the presence of potential complications or diagnoses requiring special action. Certain symptoms suggest the possibility of suppurative complications indicating a potentially complicated acute sore throat (Table 3). Warning signs are worsening symptoms after 3 days (also after antibiotics), inability to open the mouth fully, unilateral neck swelling, rigours (shaking chills which have a high odds ratio for bacteraemia) and dyspnoea. Patients with these symptoms require careful investigation, often including imaging and it may be relevant to test for the presence of F. necrophorum or S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, especially in adolescents and young adults. The most common serious suppurative complication is peritonsillar abscess. It occurs most frequently in adolescents and young adults (approximately 15–30 years old). The very rare Lemierre Syndrome should be kept in mind in very few cases with rapid deterioration.
Efficacy and effectiveness of omalizumab in the treatment of childhood asthma
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2018
Miguel Tortajada-Girbés, Rosa Bousquet, Montserrat Bosque, Jesús Joaquín Carrera Martínez, María Dolores Ibáñez, Ana Moreira, Antonio Nieto, Ana María Plaza, Cristina Rivas, Gloria Requena, Manuel Sánchez-Solis, Ana Tabar, Javier Torres-Borrego, Lydia Zapatero
Odajima et al. [40] studied omalizumab´s long-term efficacy and safety when treating severe uncontrolled asthma in 38 Japanese children and adolescents aged 7–16 years (l.e.: 2+). Patients had completed a 24-week study and were recruited in an extension study until the pediatric use of omalizumab was approved in Japan. Thirty-five patients (92.1%) completed the extension study. Median exposure to omalizumab was 116.6 weeks (range 46.9–151.1). Twenty-nine patients (76.3%) achieved well- or fully controlled asthma compared with nine patients (23.7%) at the beginning of the extension study. Life quality scales improved significantly; hospitalization rates and emergency room visits were significantly reduced compared to the start of the study. There was no treatment cessation due to adverse effects. Ten patients experienced at least one SAE during treatment. In only one case the investigator associated it with the treatment (peritonsillar abscess).
Feasibility of an inexperienced examiner using trans-cervical ultrasound in the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscesses
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Mathias von Beckerath, Joacim Svensson, Fredrik Landström
A peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is a complication to acute tonsillitis. It is a usually unilateral accumulation of pus between the capsule of the palatine tonsil and the pharyngeal muscles. The annual incidence of PTA in Sweden is 37/100,000 with the highest incidence in 14- to 21-year-olds (124/100,000) [1]. If untreated a PTA can progress to a potentially life-threatening airway obstruction and infections in the parapharyngeal and/or retropharyngeal spaces [2]. Other serious complications include aspiration pneumonitis, thrombosis in the jugular vein and potentially fatal hemorrhage due to necrosis in the carotid sheath. Since these complications can be severe, but avoidable with adequate treatment, the importance of an early diagnosis is crucial.