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Corneal Disorders
Published in Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Darren S. J. Ting, Rashmi Deshmukh, Daniel S. W. Ting, Marcus Ang
Conjunctivitis in a newborn is termed ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) or neonatal conjunctivitis. The incidence ranges from 2% to 12%.65 Although ON is less common, it remains an important cause of childhood corneal blindness in developed countries, and even of mortality in developing regions of the world.65,66 It is seen in babies of mothers affected by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by C. trachomatis (serotypes D–K) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.67 Chemical substances like erythromycin, tetracycline, or silver nitrate are also known to cause ON. Chemical conjunctivitis presents within 24 hours and is self-limiting. The bacterial causes of ON however need antibiotic treatment.67 Affected babies present with congested, swollen eyes and sticky discharge usually within 2–14 days of birth. Chlamydial ON is more common than gonococcal ON. Most cases of chlamydial ON are mild to moderate in nature whereas gonococcal ON tends to be more severe.66
Paper 2
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Doxycycline is contraindicated. Recommended treatment by BASHH is erythromycin 500mg qds for 7 days OR erythromycin 500mg bd for 14 days OR amoxicillin 500mg tds for 7 days OR azithromycin 1g stat po – this may be less effective though. Remember contact tracing. Transmission to the neonate may result in neonatal conjunctivitis or pneumonia. http://www.bashh.org/guidelines
Eye
Published in A Sahib El-Radhi, James Carroll, Paediatric Symptom Sorter, 2017
A Sahib El-Radhi, James Carroll
Chlamydia is the most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis in this country. Although it is often harmless, 10%–20% of infants experience chlamydial pneumonia, which is a serious disease. Therefore, infants should receive topical as well as systemic antibiotics.
Neonatal ocular prophylaxis in the United States: is it still necessary?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Susannah Franco, Margaret R. Hammerschlag
C. trachomatis was the most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis in the United States (U.S.) in the latter half of the 20th century. It was not recognized as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) until the 1970s; tetracyclines were considered the mainstay of treatment [5]. Prospective studies of vertical transmission of C. trachomatis conducted from the 1970s to 1980s found that neonatal ocular prophylaxis with silver nitrate does not prevent chlamydial ophthalmia, nasopharyngeal infection with C. trachomatis, or chlamydial pneumonia [6–10]. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended routine prenatal screening of pregnant women for C. trachomatis in 1993 [11] which has led to a dramatic decrease in neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis in the U.S [12].