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Control of Human Intestinal Nematode Infections
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
This is a major cause of anemia in tropical countries. The infection is soil-transmitted by infective larvae of Ancylostoma duodenale (“Old World hookworm” or Necator americanus (“New World hookworm”) penetrating the human skin. The adult nematodes are firmly attached to the mucosal wall of the upper jejunum on which they “graze.” Proper disposal of infectious human feces, the wearing of shoes, and other hygienic measures designed to prevent infection have been shown to be capable of eradicating this infection wherever they have been systematically implemented, e.g., in European mines. The deplorable fact that a considerable part of the world population is still suffering from hookworm infection illustrates again how difficult it is to implement this prophylactic strategy on a large scale in tropical developing countries. As with ascariasis, one practical way to control ankylostomiasis and necatoriasis in these countries is chemotherapy. In view of the fact that most patients are likely to also carry several ascaris worms in their gut, this type of periodical mass treatment in endemic tropical areas should be done with a broad-spectrum drug. The beneficial effects of this type of chemotherapy on the growth, morbidity, and mortality of children in particular and on the socio-economic development of large tropical developing areas in general would be enormous.
An Overview of Helminthiasis
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Leyla Yurttaș, Betül Kaya Çavușoğlu, Derya Osmaniye, Ulviye Acar Çevik
Besides the treatment being applied at single dose, double and triple combinations of the different drugs have being implemented. Mebendazole, albendazole and pyrantel pamoate triple combination is administered against enterobiasis, ancylostomiasis, necatoriasis diseases. Niclozamide and praziquantel combination is used in the treatment of taeniazis and diphyllobothriasis whereas mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate double combination is used for the treatment of ascariasis (Akgün 2013). Co-administration of ivermectin, albendazole and praziquantel was also determined safe in areas infected with lymphatic filariasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis (Mohammed et al. 2008).
Trichuris
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Cristina Cutillas, Rocío Callejón
For the detection of the human STH species, including ascariasis, trichuriasis, ancylostomiasis, and necatoriasis, the WHO currently recommends the use of the Kato-Katz method, based on duplicate slides.2 Examination of human feces for Trichuris eggs is the most widely used diagnostic technique for the detection of whipworm infection. Several tool examination techniques are available to detect the presence of Trichuris eggs in fecal samples, including direct fecal smear, the formalin-ether concentration technique (FECM),41,42 sedimentation technique after fixation with sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin (SAF),43 the Kato-Katz technique,44,45 McMaster,46 FLOTAC,47 the Mini FLOTAC, and the FekPac technique.48,49
Infectious diseases among Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: a descriptive literature review
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2021
Yulia Treister-Goltzman, Ali Alhoashle, Roni Peleg
In the years 1984–1984 the prevalence of intestinal parasites in EI by stool culture was as high as 93%. In over 55% of the culture there were multiple parasites [4]. The most common parasites in stool culture were Schistosoma mansoni (47%), Ascaris Lumbricoides (20%), Necator americanus (54%), Hymenolepsis nana (21%), Trichuris trichiura (19%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.5%), Giardia lamblia (11%), Entamoeba histolitica (9%), and Fasciola hepatica (0.4%) [58]. Using IgE-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis for Schistosoma mansoni the infection rate was 69% in EI [4]. This phenomenon led Israeli researchers to look for an effective one-dose drug for Necatoriasis and Albendazole was found to be effective in 81% of the cases [59]. Mass treatment of all EI with 400 mg of Albendazole and 40 mg/kg of Praziquantel cured 84.4% of all intestinal helminths [58].