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Parasites and Conservation Biology
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2023
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Another example, again involving an ectoparasite of domestic animals, has been more destructive in wild animals, in this case the highly contagious skin-burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei, which causes sarcoptic mange. The mite has been reported in over 100 species of domestic and wild mammals and has caused epizootics in carnivores the world over including the translocated wolves of Yellowstone National Park, in ungulates in Europe and Africa, and in marsupials in Australia. Although the mite can cause localized extinctions, if the range and size of the affected host species is large enough, populations can be expected to bounce back. However, if an epizootic afflicts a small, fragmented population of the kind that typifies many endangered species, then sarcoptic mange can be of major concern.
Infestations and Bites
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Overview: Scabies hyper-infection occurs in persons with impaired cell-mediated immunity, such as patients with HIV, on immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., post–organ transplant), and with Down’s syndrome and in the elderly, often nursing home residents. These patients may have a very high mite load, causing widespread crusted mange-like skin, now known as crusted scabies.
Animals amusing and assisting humans
Published in Clive R. Hollin, An Introduction to Human–Animal Relationships, 2021
A study carried out in the Italian Alps was reported by Alasaad et al. (2012), who used dogs trained to detect the scent of Sarcoptes-infected animals to find sick animals and infected carcasses. Sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious skin disease caused by a mite burrowing through the skin, resulting in intense itching and irritation; the scratching causes most of the animal's hair to fall out. The rapid detection and removal of dead animals and treatment of the sick animals, even when they are under snow, is crucial in containing this infectious disease, but is problematic in the wild. The detector dogs successfully assisted in finding the carcasses of mangy wild animals, mainly Alpine ibex and several species of deer, and in the capture of mange-infected wild animals.
Is the presence of Demodex folliculorum increased with impaired glucose regulation in polycystic ovary syndrome?
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Semra Eroglu, Murat Cakmakliogullari, Elcin Kal Cakmakliogullari
Demodex folliculorum, which is known as follicle mange factor in humans, is a mite that belongs to the Demodicidia family of prostigmata. It is 0.1–0.4 mmlong, fusiform-shaped, and has 4 pairs of legs and a large abdomen. Demodexfolliculorum mostly resides in the bottom parts of hairs on the face, hair follicles and in the skin fat-secreting glands of the skin in humans (Desch and Nutting 1972; Nutting 1976; Markell et al. 1992; Zeytun 2017). The infestation of the eyelash follicle occurring due to D. Folliculorum is called demodicosis (Topcu et al. 2005). The pathologic changes of Demodex infestations include the obstruction of the base of eyelash follicles and of the mouths of the sebaceous gland, reactive hyperkeratinization of the eyelids, epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory reactions to the parasitic structure; the mites also play a role as a mechanical vector for bacterial infection (Roihu and Kariniemi 1998).
A single subcutaneous administration of a sustained-release ivermectin suspension eliminates Psoroptes cuniculi infection in a rabbit farm
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Mengmeng Lu, Yunpeng Cai, Shizhuang Yang, Qiang Wan, Baoliang Pan
Psoroptes cuniculi mange in rabbits is a serious threat to the host health. The control of mites is very important for keeping the health of rabbits and ensuring the development of rabbit husbandry. Due to its high potency against ear mites and high safety to rabbits, MLs (e.g. IVM, doramectin, and moxidectin) are widely used to control P. cuniculi mange in rabbits. For instance, a dosage of two subcutaneous administrations of moxidectin at 0.2 mg/kg 10 days apart have been shown effective to control ear mites mange in rabbits [10]. An intramuscular injection of doramectin was effective against P. cuniculi infestation [6]. Ivermectin was effective to control ear mites in rabbits through repeated subcutaneous administration at 0.2 mg/kg. Other studies have shown that to control P. cuniculi in rabbits, three or more doses of IVM (formulated as 1% solution) were generally needed [21–23].
Facts and ideas from anywhere
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Although clearly responsible for a great many evils, oil has also been key to the growth of human civilization. Bitumen, a naturally forming liquid found in oil sands and pitch lakes, was used in ancient times for waterproofing boats and baskets. As early as the 4th century, the Chinese were drilling for oil with bamboo pipes and burning it as heating fuel. It was used for treatment of mange in camels. By the 9th century, Persian alchemists had discovered how to distill oil into kerosene to make light.