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Pregnancy, Delivery and Postpartum
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Zahra Ameen, Katy Kuhrt, Kopal Singhal Agarwal, Chawan Baran, Rebecca Best, Maria Garcia de Frutos, Miranda Geddes-Barton, Laura Bridle, Black Benjamin
The acquired anti-malaria immunity of a woman residing in a malaria-endemic area is decreased in pregnancy. The severity of the disease is much greater in pregnant women and neonates. Malaria prophylaxis and malaria treatment are therefore highly recommended during pregnancy. Refer to national guidelines for specific treatments. See the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) antenatal care guidelines for treatments and drugs contraindicated during pregnancy.7
Paper 2
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Malaria prophylaxis is not 100% effective at preventing malaria and so should be used in combination with other preventative measures. Patients should be advised to report any illness to a doctor within 1 year of returning from a malaria zone and especially within the first 3 months.
Austere Environments
Published in Kenneth D Boffard, Manual of Definitive Surgical Trauma Care: Incorporating Definitive Anaesthetic Trauma Care, 2019
In 2003, in Liberia, nearly 20% of 225 deployed US marines developed malaria; it was subsequently found that only 10% of the population at risk had been compliant with chemoprophylaxis and none had slept under mosquito nets. Attention must be paid to the existing threats and simple measures are effective: anti-malarial prophylaxis, long-sleeves at dawn and dusk, repellent, sleeping under nets, and mosquito control measures.
Strategies to increase access to basic sickle cell disease care in low- and middle-income countries
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Meghna Dua, Halima Bello-Manga, Yvonne M. Carroll, Aisha Amal Galadanci, Umma Abdulsalam Ibrahim, Allison A. King, Ayobami Olanrewaju, Jeremie H. Estepp
Malaria infection is the most common and potent trigger of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in SCD patients living in malaria-endemic countries [62]. This underscores the importance of preventing malaria in patients with SCD living in these settings [63,64]. The WHO recommends that SCD patients in endemic areas should receive antimalarial prophylaxis [65] since prophylaxis is effective at reducing malaria infection [65–67]. Moreover, patients with SCD in tropical countries should receive a complete set of local routine immunizations [68,69]. There are several options for malaria prophylaxis regimens, including proguanil, chloroquine, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Proguanil is recommended based on its lower side effect profile and the observation that adherence to once daily dosing is better than multiple times daily dosing.
Global mobility, travel and migration health: clinical and public health implications for children and families
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2021
Elizabeth E. Dawson-Hahn, Vaidehi Pidaparti, William Hahn, William Stauffer
Pre-travel assessment should include evaluation of a patient’s medical history and immunisation status, a detailed itinerary of the trip (including activities, types of accommodation and destination) and assessment of the potential risks of possible exposure to infectious pathogens such as contact with domestic or wild animals (e.g. rabies), exposure to fresh water (e.g. leptospirosis or schistosomiasis) or unpasteurised dairy products [24]. Routine and travel-related vaccination, malaria prophylaxis, insect bite avoidance, safe food, water and hygiene practices and prevention and management of travellers’ diarrhoea should be prioritised [25]. A study of a large network of travel clinics for child travellers found that about 80% of children received at least one travel-related vaccine with typhoid being the most common [12]. Depending on the information obtained during the pre-travel visit, specific recommendations can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Yellow Book and from the US State Department’s and CDC’s travel health notices [26]. A comprehensive list of resources for healthcare providers and families from multiple countries is available in Appendix Table A1. Expanding health insurance coverage of pre-travel vaccines and chemoprophylaxis for malaria for children may improve uptake [12].
The early preclinical and clinical development of ganaplacide (KAF156), a novel antimalarial compound
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2018
Robin Koller, Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma, Martin P. Grobusch
The ongoing phase 2 clinical trials, provided that no – in contrast to the data available to date – unexpected substantial safety or efficacy concerns arise, shall pave the way to extensive phase 3 trials. Their goal will be to determine the full potential of the ganaplacide/lumefantrine combination currently favored on the grounds of the preliminary data, to assess its full potential regarding safety and efficacy as well as its transmission-blocking potential against P. falciparum and other Plasmodium species pathogenic to man. These trials should be carried out across the full age range from very young to adult age groups, and across the full geographical range of malaria endemicity. This research will have to be flanked by extensive evaluation of the risk for drug-resistance development, as well as that understanding of the precise mode of action should be advanced. Whilst it remains debatable whether a ‘one size fits it all’ combination therapy is wishful and realistic, the potential of ganaplacide and partners for malaria prophylaxis in its various applications should be further explored.