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DRCPG MCQs for Circuit A Answers
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with all of the branches. HPV may be diagnosed on a cervical smear by the presence of koilocytes. HPV 16, 18 and 33 have been associated with cervical neoplasia. External genital warts may be treated with podophyllum paint (podophyllum resin 15% in compound benzoin tincture), condylline or warticon. However, podophyllum is contraindicated in pregnancy, as it is teratogenic. Flat warts on the cervix may be treated with cryotherapy.
Human Papillomavirus In Women: Methodologic Issues and Role Of Immunosuppression
Published in Michele Kiely, Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2019
Twenty women with lower genital tract neoplasia and immunosuppression secondary to prednisone therapy, chemo- or radiotherapy, or Nelson or Fanconi syndromes were investigated in New York City.106 All 20 were found to have histologic evidence of koilocytes in the neoplastic tissue biopsied. The investigators noted that the 5 women with greatest impairment of cellular immunity had the most aggressive neoplastic lesions, and all showed slow response to multiple treatments. No control group was studied.
Malignant tumors
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Histopathologically, periungual SCC is similar to SCC in other locations.37 Large atypical epithelial proliferations extend into the dermis. A variable degree of keratinization and superficial ulceration is present. The basal as well as spinous-appearing cells display a high degree of atypia with large and hyperchromatic nuclei. Atypical mitoses occur in the entire tumor thickness. The orderly stratification is lost. In long-standing SCC, deep invasion down to the bone may be seen, but this is rare subungually. It appears that two types of subungual SCC exist: one derived from HPV-induced Bowen disease, another developing de novo. Whereas the former often shows small cells, koilocytosis and clear cells, the latter is devoid of koilocytes and has larger cells thus resembling SCC of the skin.2
A review of vulvar carcinoma at Groote Schuur hospital for the period 2002 to 2012 with particular emphasis on HPV-related disease
Published in Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology, 2020
Francisca E Loggenberg, Tracey S Adams
Data were extracted from an existing gynaecological oncology database at Groote Schuur Hospital Research, which has human research ethical approval from the University of Cape Town, as well as from individual patient folders. The data were entered into data collection sheets. If the patient had evidence of HPV-related disease additional data were collected and entered into a separate data sheet. Evidence of HPV disease was based on clinical findings as well as pathology reports. HPV DNA testing was not routinely done at the centre during the study period. The presence of koilocytes and usual type VIN on histology was used as evidence of HPV disease. Clinical evidence of HPV was documented in the folders as the presence of VIN or vulval warts. Data from the collection sheets were entered into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA) and analysed. Patient demographics and aetiologies were reviewed in all cases. In the HPV group there was specific focus placed on the prevalence of HIV, CD4 counts and antiretroviral regimes, oncological management, disease outcomes, multifocal disease and five-year survival rates of this group.
An insight into clinical and laboratory detections for screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Shruthi Padavu, Pooja Aichpure, Ballamoole Krishna Kumar, Anoop Kumar, RadhaKanta Ratho, Shipra Sonkusare, Indrani Karunasagar, Iddya Karunasagar, Praveen Rai
The current cervical cancer screening technique relies on the routine need for Pap smear tests and HPV DNA to recognize women at risk of cancer precursor cervical lesions or malignancy. The occurrence of persistent HPV infection in exfoliated cells is indicated by koilocytes, a type of squamous epithelial cells with perinuclear clearance and enhanced cytoplasm density [20]. Pap smear is collected using cytobrush or cervical broom equipment and Ayre’s spatula. An abnormal cytology screening result signifies that the patient should be referred for a colposcopic examination and, ultimately, a biopsy [21]. Figure 2 shows a visual representation of cytological tests.
5-aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy induces both necrosis and apoptosis of keratinocytes in plantar warts
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2020
Huixia Wang, Layuan Xiong, Yumin Xia, Xiuying Wang
Prior to treatment, the epidermal keratinocytes proliferated actively with diffuse hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. The granular layer of the epidermis was noticeably thickened and had widely distributed koilocytes. Twenty-four hours after the first round of ALA-PDT, remarkable vacuolation and some necrocytosis of keratinocytes was observed in the middle and upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, diffuse infiltration of neutrophils was observed underneath the epidermis, and the dermis became edematous. See Figure 3.