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Insect Stings and Bites (Prevention)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Most reactions to insect bites and stings are mild and cause little more than localized redness, itching, stinging, and a raised bump due to minor swelling. Bites or stings are rarely a cause for concern unless they cause an allergic reaction or become infected. A severe allergic reaction with difficulty breathing, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, hives, or swelling of the throat, eyelids, or lips requires immediate medical attention.
Infestations, insect bites, and stings
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Searching for the biting arthropod in the home may be fruitless unless the assistance of trained personnel is sought. Examination of ‘brushings’ from the coats of dogs by veterinarians may be successful in identifying the culprit – cheyletellia, for example. Some types of insect bite reaction can be unusually long-lived and may take many months to resolve.
Biting insect and tick allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Donald R. Hoffman, Jennifer E. Fergeson
Allergic reactions to insect bites are much less common than reactions to insect stings. Several older studies suggest that severe bite reactions occur about 50 times less commonly than severe sting reactions [1]. Many of the clinical aspects of biting insect allergy are thoroughly discussed in a 2003 review [1]. The main focus of this chapter is on which insects are important, the known allergens and salivary components, and the appropriate use of immunotherapy. There are more than 14,000 species from 400 genera of blood-feeding arthropods. The most important hematophagous insects belong to the orders Diptera (flies), Hemiptera (bugs), and Siphonaptera (fleas). Ticks of the order Acarina of the class Arachnida will also be considered, although they are not insects. Some beetles of the order Coleoptera, especially aquatic species, occasionally bite man, but allergic reactions have not been reported. In addition, many insect larval forms may bite, but again allergic reactions to these bites are extremely rare. Rare allergic reactions to bites have been ascribed to bites of spiders and other arachnids, but definitive evidence is lacking of IgE antibodies against spider proteins. Allergic reactions also have been reported from myriapod bites, such as those from centipedes and millipedes, but there are no reported published data identifying the responsible proteins [1–5].
Predictive role of laboratory markers and clinical features for recurrent Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in childhood: A study from Turkey
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2020
Şule Gökçe, Zafer Kurugöl, Güldane Koturoğlu, Aslı Aslan
The epidemiological and demographic data including age, gender, seasonal contact time were analyzed. Previous infections, vaccinations, and insect bites were all recorded as provided they were within two weeks prior to the first symptom. Fever was considered to be present if the temperature was >37.7 °C. Renal involvement was defined as follows: Microscopic hematuria was defined when the urine test result was > 5 erythrocytes/mm3; gross hematuria was defined when blood in the urine could be seen with the naked eye. Severe nephropathy was considered to be present when the patient had 1 of the following findings: nephrotic syndrome: defined as plasma albumin level under 25g/L and either 1g of proteinuria/d per m2 of body surface area in children, with or without the presence of edema; or acute nephritic syndrome that was defined as hematuria with at least 2 of the following features; hypertension, elevated plasma urea or creatinine serum levels, and oliguria. Rash location means purpura mainly concentrated in parts of the body. The joint involvement was described as the presence of joint swelling and/or limitation of joint movement. Gastrointestinal involvement was defined as bowel angina (characterized by the presence of diffuse abdominal pain), gastrointestinal bleeding (melena or hematochezia or the child had a positive stool Guaiac test), and nausea and vomiting in the context of the clinical duration of vasculitis. Stomachache and hematemesis also support gastrointestinal involvement.
Zoonotic fungal diseases and animal ownership in Nigeria
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Adebowale I. Adebiyi, Daniel O. Oluwayelu
Although the portal of entry of the fungus has been a subject of speculation, it has been suggested that the fungus may be inhaled and then haematogenously transferred to a favourable site such as the skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone or lymph node for proliferation.48,56 Indeed, transmission via inhalation and deposition in alveoli of the microscopic fungal spores from the air has been reported.57 Transcutaneous transmission following trauma as well as the possible role of insect bites has also been suggested.58 Consequently, the population at risk includes farmers, poultry keepers, especially when cleaning chicken coops, pigeon roosts and bat-infested caves, barns or lofts, and construction workers especially those who work around old buildings with roosting birds.59
Basidiobolomycosis complicated by hydronephrosis and a perinephric abscess presenting as a hypertensive emergency in a 7-year-old boy
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2018
Sriram Krishnamurthy, Rakesh Singh, Venkatesh Chandrasekaran, Gopinathan Mathiyazhagan, Meenachi Chidambaram, S. Deepak Barathi, Subramanian Mahadevan
Basidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum, a common environmental saprophyte belonging to the order Entomophthorales which usually presents as subcutaneous zygomycosis. Usually, it is characterised by chronic subcutaneous indurations affecting the limbs, trunk and buttocks [1−4]. Visceral organ involvement including the gastro-intestinal and pulmonary systems has been documented [1,5], but it seldom spreads to cause disseminated infection [2]. Minor trauma, insect bites and local inoculation have been described as predominant causes [6,7]. Our patient was from a rural area, had a history of exposure to manure and defaecated in the open (and used leaves to clean the skin afterwards) which could have been the source of the fungal infection.