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Order Mononegavirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The Rhabdoviridae family, which is the largest family of the Mononegavirales order, contains bullet-shaped and bacilliform viruses (shown in Figure 31.1e) and consists of 3 subfamilies, 40 genera with 246 species (Walker et al. 2018). The most popular representatives of the Rhabdoviridae family are rabies virus (RABV) of the Lyssavirus genus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) of the species Indiana vesiculovirus from the genus Vesiculovirus. The VSV is one of the classical objects and subjects of modern virology, immunology, and gene therapy. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) of the Salmonid novirhabdovirus species, genus Novirhabdovirus, remains a global burden of fishery, since it causes the disease known as infectious hematopoietic necrosis in salmonid fish such as trout and salmon.
The role of apoptosis in non-mammalian host-parasite relationships
Published in G. F. Wiegertjes, G. Flik, Host-Parasite Interactions, 2004
It is of interest that Essabauer and Ahne (2002) also noted that in an epithelioma carp papulosum cell line (EPC) infected with epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), apoptosis may involve activation of a protein kinase-dependent pathway. This iridovirus, which is pathogenic in several fish species, induces apoptosis, as detected using annexin-V labelling, in infected cell lines 12 hours post-infection. Pycnotic nuclei occurred after 18 hours of infection. Previous studies by Bjorklund et al. (1997)have also revealed that when EPC cell lines were infected with the rhabdovirus spring viraemia in carp virus (SVCV), which causes a lethal disease associated with peritonitis and inflammation in carp and other fish species, apoptosis occurred, as detected using electron and confocal microscopy and DNA fragmentation. This apoptosis was correlated with an increase is virus titre and was inhibited using acid cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Chiou et al. (2000) noted that the rhabdovirus matrix protein from infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), which induces a pathogenic disease primarily in salmonid fish, is associated with a reduction in host transcription and induction of apoptosis in CHSE-214 and EPC cell lines.
Arctigenin: pharmacology, total synthesis, and progress in structure modification
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Dan Wu, Lili Jin, Xing Huang, Hao Deng, Qing-kun Shen, Zhe-shan Quan, Changhao Zhang, Hong-Yan Guo
Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is one of the three pop-up viruses listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), which is causing serious losses in the aquaculture industry145. As a species pathogen that causes infectious haematopoietic organ necrosis (IHN), IHNV is highly pathogenic and widely transmissible, resulting in high mortality rates of 80–100% in salmonid species146. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective antiviral strategy to treat highly lethal IHNV. Studies have shown that arctigenin reduced the replication of carp virus (another fish elasmobranch virus) in spring viremia by 65%71.