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Schistosomiasis Control in Egypt
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
The Egyptian experience in the field of schistosomiasis control has been pioneering. The first treatment campaign was carried out as early as 1921, employing tartar emetic. In 1927 the first large scale mollusciciding operation was achieved in Dakhla Oasis using copper sulfate. During the last 30 years, a number of pilot projects were carried out:1Qalyub Project (1953—1954): snail control using copper sulfate.Qalubiya Project (1953—1959): compulsory mass chemotherapy using tartar emetic.Warrak El Arab Project (1953—1959): snail control using sodium pentachlorophenate.Egypt 049 Project (1961—1969): snail control using niclosamide (Bayluscide®).Iflaka Project (1962—1966): mass chemotherapy using Astiban®.Giza Project (Shinbari 1970): mass chemotherapy using hycanthone.Fayoum Project (1969): chemotherapy and snail control using niclosamide.
Oxamniquine and Metrifonate
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Oxamniquine (Mansil and Vansil, from Pfizer)—developed as UK 4271—was first described in 1969 (Richards and Foster, 1969) as a metabolite of a compound then known as UK 3883 (2-isopropylami-nomethyl-6-methyl-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline). Oxamniquine is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-isopropylaminomethyl-7-nitro-6-quinolylmethanol. It is a derivative of hycanthone (Richards and Foster, 1969). The chemical structure is shown in Figure 208.1.
Spotlight on ocular Kaposi’s sarcoma: an update on the presentation, diagnosis, and management options
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2021
Nandini Venkateswaran, Juan C. Ramos, Adam K. Cohen, Osmel P. Alvarez, Noah K. Cohen, Anat Galor, Carol L. Karp
New anti-viral therapies may be on the horizon and could be explored for the treatment of KS; however, their efficacies against latent HHV8 infection could be limited theoretically. As mentioned previously, multiple compounds have been recently identified through an FDA-approved drug library that effectively inhibit HHV8 virion production [17]. Three of the identified compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on histamine receptors and blockage of histamine receptors by antagonists can inhibit HHV8 virion lytic replication. Other agents identified in this database such as monobenzone (an agent used for vitiligo treatment), oxibendazole (an agent used for intestinal helminth infections), oxaliplatin (a chemotherapy drug for colon and rectal cancers), and hycanthone (topoisomerase II inhibitor) all inhibit HHV8 lytic reactivation. Identified compounds targeting neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, adrenergic, serotonin, and muscarinic receptors, also exhibit a potential role in the regulation of HHV8 reactivation [17]. These new therapies targeting HHV8 are summarized in Table 2.