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Human Bocavirus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
José Luiz Proença-Módena, Guilherme Paier Milanez, Eurico Arruda
Human bocavirus may be the etiological agent responsible for respiratory and enteric diseases in humans, particularly in young children. The virus, however, is frequently detected in the presence of other common respiratory and enteric viruses, which refutes that these viruses are indeed pathogenic to humans. Few studies were able to correlate the presence of HBoV with clinical manifestations to the exclusion of effects of other viruses.
Pediatric Viral Pneumonia
Published in Sunit K. Singh, Human Respiratory Viral Infections, 2014
Before the development of PCR for viral identification, dual respiratory viral findings were rather rare, less than 5%, when findings by culture, antigen detection and antibody assays were combined.15 When PCR has been in use, two or even three viruses have been detected in 10–20% of children with CAP.3,17 Especially, human bocavirus has been detected in association with other respiratory viruses.13 In a comprehensive virological study of CAP in children, two or more viruses were found 18% of the 338 cases, human bocavirus being involved in 69%, influenza viruses in 52% and RSV in 51% of the multiple viral cases.27 The clinical relevance of detecting several viruses in pediatric CAP, and the possible association with more severe illness, is uncertain. Viral–viral interaction, as the interaction between viruses and immunity, including different signaling pathways of innate and adaptive immunity, are poorly understood.
The implications of platelet count changes during hospitalization in the disease management of paediatric patients with bronchiolitis
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2020
Huiming Sun, Hua Xu, Ting Wang, Yongdong Yan, Wei Ji, Canhong Zhu, Yuqing Wang, Chuangli Hao, Zhengrong Chen
The demographic information, clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory findings of the patients were collected. Respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza viruses A and B, and parainfluenza viruses 1–3 were detected using direct fluorescent antibody test kits (Chemicon, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions. Human metapneumovirus was detected by fluorescent real-time polymerase chain reaction (BIO-RAD iCycler; Hercules, CA). Rhinovirus was detected using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (BIO-RAD iCycler). Human bocavirus was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction with nasopharyngeal swab samples. A quantitative diagnostic kit (DaAn Gene Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China) was used to detect M. pneumoniae DNA. The diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was based on both positive polymerase chain reaction and positive IgM findings at admission or at follow-up, or a ≥ 4-fold rise in the IgG titre, as described previously [13,14].
Emerging gene therapies for cystic fibrosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
Kamran M. Miah, Stephen C. Hyde, Deborah R. Gill
Novel AAV variants have been expanded to include chimeras of human bocavirus (HBoV)/AAV2 vectors. The HBoV are parvoviruses that readily infect the apical surface of human airway epithelia, and shown to be helper viruses for AAV replication [96]. Interestingly, HBoV capsid can cross-package oversized rAAV2 vector genomes increasing packaging capacity to approximately 5.5kb, including the full-length CFTR cDNA [97,98], extending the 4.6kb packaging capacity of conventional rAAV vectors. The rAAV vector chimeras pseudotyped with HBoV transduced both polarised human airway epithelia cell lines and primary human lung organoids more efficiently than rAAV1 or 2 vectors [97,98]. The HBoV1/AAV2 vector chimeras also efficiently transduced the distal airways of ferret lungs, suggesting the widespread utility of HBoV1/AAV2 as a gene therapy tool [99]. Ultimately, novel serotypes, improvements in rAAV vector design, together with a better understanding and mitigation of host immune responses to these vectors, have rekindled interest in rAAV as an appropriate vector for CF gene therapy.
Childhood pneumonia diagnostics: a narrative review
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Olutobi Ojuawo, Ayotade Ojuawo, Adeniyi Aladesanmi, Mosunmoluwa Adio, Pui-Ying Iroh Tam
The advent of viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques on nasal or nasopharyngeal swabs has provided more information in the last two decades regarding the significant role of viral pathogens in the etiology of childhood pneumonia globally; indicating their contribution beyond causing bronchiolitis or reactive airway disease [40,41]. The most commonly identified viruses include influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) [42]. In addition to detecting these known viral pathogens, PCR techniques have permitted increased identification of other viruses such as rhinoviruses (RVs), and human bocavirus (HBoV) [43].