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Abdomen and pelvis cases
Published in Lt Col Edward Sellon, David C Howlett, Nick Taylor, Radiology for Medical Finals, 2017
Faye Cuthbert, Amanda Jewison, Olwen Westerland
Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a condition with a high mortality and diabetics are predisposed. Infection may spread to/from the ureter and bladder (emphysematous cystitis). Urgent recognition and treatment is needed.
Pathology of Human Bladder Cancer and Related Lesions
Published in George T. Bryan, Samuel M. Cohen, The Pathology of Bladder Cancer, 2017
Gilbert H. Friedell, George K. Nagy, Samuel M. Cohen
Other forms of cystitis include eosinophilic cystitis in which large numbers of the eosinophils are present91 and gangrenous cystitis.92 The latter is usually related to certain organisms, whereas the former does not appear to have a known etiology. Emphysematous cystitis93 consists of gas bubbles present in the subepithelial connective tissue. This may occur spontaneously in diabetics where bacterial fermentation of glucose leads to gas formation, but in nondiabetics the pathogenesis is not known. The gas-filled spaces may have a mild, surrounding chronic inflammatory reaction or foreign body giant cells and may have surrounding fibrosis.
Test Paper 6
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
Cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis are inflammatory processes of the bladder wall with multiple small, round, cyst-like elevations in the submucosa. They are often associated with irritants such as chronic infection, calculi or bladder outlet obstruction. The hallmark of emphysematous cystitis is gas within the bladder wall. The main risk factors are diabetes mellitus and bladder outflow obstruction. Eosinophilic cystitis can present with a nodular bladder wall, but the nodules would be echogenic on ultrasound in comparison with the fluid-filled cysts of cystitis cystica. In any event, all focal bladder abnormalities seen at imaging should be evaluated cystoscopically. In interstitial cystitis, the bladder wall becomes thick and trabeculated.
Risk of multiple lower and upper urinary tract problems among male older adults with type-2 diabetes: a population-based study
Published in The Aging Male, 2023
Diabetes mellitus is associated with urological complications, which involve the endothelial and neural damage including the complications of genitourinary tract. The DM-associated urological complications are classified into three categories: lower urinary tract dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, and the UTIs [18]. Persons with diabetes carry higher risk of developing bladder cystopathy as well as bladder dysfunction which involve diminished bladder filling sensation, poor contractility, infections, lithiasis, and renal damage [18–20]. And LUTS are more prevalent among men with diabetes [4,21]. Pyelonephritis is another critical urinary complication prevalent among diabetic patients with a susceptibility to renal abscess, emphysematous cystitis, bacteremia, and sometimes with severe complications may lead to organ failure and even death [18,22]. The prevalence of CRF among Indian male older adults shows a distinct differential by diabetes mellitus whereby the prevalence is double among males with diabetes compared to the nondiabetic older adults. The multivariate regression estimation also confirms that diabetic older adults are 1.8 times more likely to suffer from CRF than those without diabetes. This clearly indicates that male older adults in India with diabetes are at higher risk of developing CRF and requires careful clinical interventions across India.
Emphysematous cystitis leading to bladder necrosis and acute cystectomy – report of a rare case with fatal outcome
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2019
Sofie Kildegaard, Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
Spontaneous bladder perforation is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Most commonly, perforation of the bladder is due to trauma, but it can also be spontaneous or iatrogenic. With only a few cases reported, emphysematous cystitis leading to gangrene and perforation of the bladder wall is even more uncommon. It is typically observed in elderly women, and diabetes mellitus appears to be the strongest risk factor [1]. Symptoms can be unspecific and misdiagnosis is common. This case report presents a rare case of spontaneous urinary bladder perforation due to gangrenous cystitis in a 49-year-old diabetic woman.
Common microbial causes of significant bacteriuria and their antibiotic resistance pattern in the Isfahan Province of Iran
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2018
Maryam Pezeshki Najafabadi, Afsaneh Dagoohian, Soheila Rajaie, Sayyed Hamid Zarkesh-Esfahani, Masoud Edalati
Additionally, diabetic patients are more prone to UTIs, especially complicated ones such as emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), emphysematous pyelitis (EP), emphysematous cystitis (EC), renal/perirenal abscess and renal papillary necrosis (RPN), which can be potentially life-threatening. Therefore, careful clinical, laboratory and radiological assessments of the patients are crucial for early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy to improve patient prognosis.39