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Machine Learning in Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Challenges and Opportunities
Published in David J. Hackam, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, 2021
Jenine Weller, David J. Hackam
An emerging and important branch of NEC research focuses on understanding the neonatal microbiota to search for stool-based biomarkers of disease. As intestinal bacterial communities are complexly interconnected, research methods that search for individual pathogens may miss subtle microbial shifts that are indicative of NEC (11, 12). Researchers have applied ML algorithms to look at the entire gastrointestinal microbiota to identify patterns associated with NEC. Dobbler et al. (2017) used the supervised ML technique of random forests to classify the microbiota of Brazilian preterm infants with and without NEC (12). They showed a lack of microbial diversity, decreased presence of Lactobacillus, and the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, especially Citrobacter koseri and Klebsiella pneumonia species, as associated with NEC. These findings are consistent with recent results of a systematic review and meta-analysis of microbial dysbiosis (13). Similarly, using supervised ML, Olm et al. (2019) corroborated a predominance of Klebsiella and found increased bacterial replication rates, especially of Enterobacteriaceae species, in stool samples of infants who subsequently developed NEC (14).
Aquatic Plants Native to America
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Bianca D. Fibrich, Jacqueline Maphutha, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Danielle Twilley, Khan-Van Ho, Chung-Ho Lin, Leszek P. Vincent, T. N. Shilpa, N. P. Deepika, B. Duraiswamy, S. P. Dhanabal, Suresh M. Kumar, Namrita Lall
It was previously reported that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of L. minor, inhibited the growth of B. cereus, B. subtilis, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter koseri, M. luteus, Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria sicca, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus warneri, and S. pneumoniae (Gulcin et al. 2010).
Infective endocarditis by Klebsiella species: a systematic review
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2021
Petros Ioannou, Eugenia Miliara, Stella Baliou, Diamantis P. Kofteridis
The most commonly identified species were K. pneumoniae in 76.3% (45 out of 59 patients), K. oxytoca in 20.3% (12 patients) and K. aerogenes in 3.4% (2 patients), while in 9% (6 patients), the species were not specified. Furthermore, 14.9% (10 out of 67 cases) were polymicrobial, with Enterococcus spp. being isolated in 4.5% (3 patients) of IE, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in 3% (2 patients), Enterobacter cloacae in 3% (2 patients), Acinetobacter spp. in 3% (2 patients), and Citrobacter koseri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus in 1.5% (1 patient) each. From a microbiological point of view, diagnosis was set with positive blood cultures in 93.8% (61 out of 65 patients with available data), while positive cultures of vegetations at autopsy revealed the diagnosis in 3.1% (2 patients), a papillary muscle culture was positive in 1.5% (1 patient), and a valve culture was positive in 1.5% (1 patient). Tables 1 and 2 show the characteristics of patients with IE by K. pneumoniae or other species and the characteristics of patients with IE by Klebsiella in regards to the presence of a native or a prosthetic valve, respectively.
Rate and characteristics of infection after transrectal prostate biopsy: a retrospective observational study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2021
Andreas Forsvall, Hannah Jönsson, Magnus Wagenius, Ola Bratt, Adam Linder
Positive bacterial cultures were found in 28 of 36 patients with a post-biopsy infection (Table 3), of which 26 had a positive urine culture and 9 had a positive blood culture. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was by far the most common pathogen and was found in 23 of 28 cultures (82.1%). Other detected bacteria included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter cloacae and Enterococcus faecalis. Fourteen (61%) of the E. coli cultures were Ciprofloxacin resistant. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistant E. coli were found in 9 cultures and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) carrying E. coli in 3 cultures (Table 3).
Unusual cranial infection caused by Citrobacter Koseri
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2020
Citrobacter koseri was grown: a Gram-negative bacillus (family Enterobacteriaceae), typically causing meningitis or brain abscess in neonates or infants.1 Only three adult cases have been reported. These elderly cases include one following a urinary tract infection (UTI) after three weeks,1 one with diabetes mellitus and a recent UTI,2 and one with a parasagittal meningioma, on dexamethasone, diagnosed after six months.3 The first had raised C-reactive protein (CRP).