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The Potential of Medicinal Plants as Treatments for Infections Caused by Aspergillus spp.
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Tefo K. Pule, Marco N. De Canha, Namrita Lall, Quenton Kritzinger
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is a lung disease within the scope of IA. It refers to long-term infection of aspergillosis associated with cavitary lung disease, chronic respiratory symptoms and Aspergillus serum antibody precipitation (Thompson and Patterson, 2008). Once the conidia successfully evade the immune system of immunocompromised individuals, they germinate and form hyphal networks in the lung’s interior surface cavity, consequently damaging the surrounding parenchyma tissue. In some cases, the growth may progress into the formation of a fungal ball also known as an aspergilloma (Figure 19.2) (Maghrabi and Denning, 2017).
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Inhalation of Aspergillus spores is a common occurrence and harmless for healthy humans. In immunocompromised individuals, inhaled spores are not cleared by the immune system and cause invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Aspergillus can also exacerbate underlying lung conditions, cause chronic pulmonary infection without angioinvasion (chronic pulmonary aspergillosis) or severe allergic reactions (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis). This chapter discusses invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA).
Aspergillus spp.
Published in Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Pocket Guide to Mycological Diagnosis, 2019
Reginaldo Gonçalves de Lima-Neto, Patrice Le Pape, Rejane Pereira Neves
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis typically occurs in people who have other lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, besides non-cancerous and inflammatory illnesses like tuberculosis or sarcoidosis (Schweer et al., 2014).
Early diagnosis of aspergillosis in asthmatic and rheumatoid arthritis patients by Aspergillus galactomannan antigen assay: a case-control study in Karbala providence
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Ali Abdul Hussein S. Al-Janabi, Roaa Noori Ali
RA is an autoimmune disease with inflammatory features that leads to joint destruction and disability (6,18). It is thought to develop under the effects of genetic and/or environmental factors (19). Patients with RA can be at risk to get infections due to treatment with many immunosuppressive drugs (3). In a rare case, A. fumigatus was found to cause invasive aspergillosis in an arthritis patient (20). Aspergillosis was diagnosed in many patients with RA in this study, especially among females. The susceptibility of females to RA is clearly observed during menopause, when ovarian functions are declining (21). Many predisposing factors can play a role in the development of aspergillosis in RA patients. Treatment of patients with RA by immunosuppressive drugs such as glucocorticoids, DMARDs, or TNFα inhibitors is considered the most important predisposing factor for the development of aspergillosis (3,22). However, aspergillosis in RA patients was mentioned in a few studies. Aspergillus nodules were diagnosed in patients with clinical features of RA (23). Males with RA who are treated with immunosuppressive drugs or under surgery are also at risk to have aspergillosis (24). Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in the form of multiple nodules was diagnosed in patients with RA (23).
Clinical characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with and without bronchiectasis
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Sijiao Wang, Jun Zhang, Cuiping Zhang, Changzhou Shao
A total of 93 patients hospitalized due to acute wheezing dyspnea, hemoptysis, asthma exacerbation, discovery of unknown pulmonary shadows, and reexamination were enrolled, including 74 cases with ABPA-CB and 19 cases with ABPA-S. As shown in Table 1, the mean age at onset was 52.4-year old, and no significant differences were observed between the two groups in age, sex proportion, and smoking history. Asthma was the most common pulmonary comorbidity (36.6%), with a median history of 30 (IQR 13–42.5) years. Seven patients (7.5%) had chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). The symptoms in the ABPA-CB and ABPA-S groups showed little difference except for hemoptysis (p = 0.019). Of 46 patients (49.5%) with lung function tests, obstructive ventilation dysfunction was found in 21 patients, and mixed ventilation dysfunction in 16. Initially, 39 patients (41.9%) received systemic corticosteroid treatment, and 54 patients (58.1%) were administered both antifungal agents and systemic corticosteroids.
Azole resistance in Aspergillus species: promising therapeutic options
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Shirisha Pasula, Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar
Aspergillus fumigatus can cause a wide variety of pulmonary fungal diseases, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, acute invasive aspergillosis (IA), chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) [1]. The triazoles, itraconazole, isavuconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole are antifungal agents with potent activity against A. fumigatus. Itraconazole and voriconazole are the preferred agents in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Voriconazole and isavuconazole have been studied as first-line agents for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Posaconazole is mainly used for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological diseases [2–4]. There is an increasing global concern for azole resistance creating difficulty in choosing reliable effective antifungal regimen and is associated with increased mortality. This paper reviews epidemiology, mechanisms and detection of azole resistance, and therapeutic options for azole-resistant Aspergillus infections.