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Unexplained Fever In Infectious Diseases: Section 2: Commonly Encountered Aerobic, Facultative Anaerobic, And Strict Anaerobic Bacteria, Spirochetes, And Parasites
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Bartonellosis (syn. Carrion’s disease) is caused by a small, motile aerobic Gram-negative bacillus, Bartonella bacilliformis. The disease is endemic in Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. The organism invades the erythrocytes and reticuloendothelial cells. Various species of the sandfly vector, Phlebotomus, transmit the infection. There are two clinical forms: febrile (Oroya fever) and cutaneous (Verruga peruana). The former deserves a short mention because it may create problems of unexplained fever. After an incubation of approximately 20 days, or more, may appear a fever with shacking chills, malaise, headache, arthralgias, myalgias, changes in mentation, adenopathies, and severe anemia. Some critical forms may develop dyspnea, delirium, coma, and death. Intercurrent infections are common, especially salmonellosis, which may account for the prolongation of fever and adversely affect the prognosis. During the acute febrile stage, the organism may be identified on Giemsa-stained smears of the peripheral blood or by blood culture.80
Benign tumors
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
This condition is characterized by pyogenic granuloma-like lesions usually occurring on several fingers after a cast was removed, which had been applied for one to three months to treat a phalanx, metacarpal bone, or wrist fracture. Most patients had mild pain or paresthesia during cast wearing.172 Between 7 to 30 days after cast removal, oozing peculiar, sometimes painful, small tumors (Figure 26.35) grow out from under the proximal nail fold, which in contrast to classical pyogenic granuloma are never covered with an epidermis. Later, onychomadesis is seen. Etiologically, a mild nerve injury and a reaction similar to reflex sympathetic dystrophy were suggested.173,174 Histology shows capillary vessels in a myxoid stroma with lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and some neutrophils; cultures grew ß-hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. It is not a lobular angioma like pyogenic granuloma. Other differential diagnoses are bacillary angiomatosis, now rarely seen as antibiotic prophylaxis has become the rule in severely immunodepressed patients with HIV infection, leukemia,175 other malignancies, and in organ transplant recipients176 and verruga peruana, a late manifestation of Carrion’s disease, which is endemic in the Andes and occurs due to Bartonella bacilliformis.177
O
Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Oroya Fever (Syn: Carrion disease) Named after the place in Peru where the first cases were noted. Bartonella bacilliformis, the bacteria responsible, were seen in red blood cells by a Peruvian physician, A. L. Barton (1871–1950), in 1915. The organism was named Bartonella in his honor by Richard Pearson Strong (1872–1948) and colleagues. Arsphenamine was used in the treatment by j. Arce in 1918. See Carrion disease.
Research inequities: avoiding the next pandemic
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
The current research inequities must be revised. Diseases like Nipah, Marburg or Carrion’s disease are currently geographically confined, but may expand together with their vectors (or thanks to competent vectors absent in endemic areas), as happened in the Italian chikungunya outbreak [2], or if not vector-borne, through infected travelers similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.