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Human Bocavirus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
José Luiz Proença-Módena, Guilherme Paier Milanez, Eurico Arruda
Human bocavirus may be the etiological agent responsible for respiratory and enteric diseases in humans, particularly in young children. The virus, however, is frequently detected in the presence of other common respiratory and enteric viruses, which refutes that these viruses are indeed pathogenic to humans. Few studies were able to correlate the presence of HBoV with clinical manifestations to the exclusion of effects of other viruses.
Pediatric Viral Pneumonia
Published in Sunit K. Singh, Human Respiratory Viral Infections, 2014
Before the development of PCR for viral identification, dual respiratory viral findings were rather rare, less than 5%, when findings by culture, antigen detection and antibody assays were combined.15 When PCR has been in use, two or even three viruses have been detected in 10–20% of children with CAP.3,17 Especially, human bocavirus has been detected in association with other respiratory viruses.13 In a comprehensive virological study of CAP in children, two or more viruses were found 18% of the 338 cases, human bocavirus being involved in 69%, influenza viruses in 52% and RSV in 51% of the multiple viral cases.27 The clinical relevance of detecting several viruses in pediatric CAP, and the possible association with more severe illness, is uncertain. Viral–viral interaction, as the interaction between viruses and immunity, including different signaling pathways of innate and adaptive immunity, are poorly understood.
The implications of platelet count changes during hospitalization in the disease management of paediatric patients with bronchiolitis
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2020
Huiming Sun, Hua Xu, Ting Wang, Yongdong Yan, Wei Ji, Canhong Zhu, Yuqing Wang, Chuangli Hao, Zhengrong Chen
The demographic information, clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory findings of the patients were collected. Respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza viruses A and B, and parainfluenza viruses 1–3 were detected using direct fluorescent antibody test kits (Chemicon, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions. Human metapneumovirus was detected by fluorescent real-time polymerase chain reaction (BIO-RAD iCycler; Hercules, CA). Rhinovirus was detected using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (BIO-RAD iCycler). Human bocavirus was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction with nasopharyngeal swab samples. A quantitative diagnostic kit (DaAn Gene Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China) was used to detect M. pneumoniae DNA. The diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was based on both positive polymerase chain reaction and positive IgM findings at admission or at follow-up, or a ≥ 4-fold rise in the IgG titre, as described previously [13,14].
The impact of respiratory viruses on lung health after preterm birth
Published in European Clinical Respiratory Journal, 2018
Nada Townsi, Ingrid A. Laing, Graham L. Hall, Shannon J. Simpson
Human bocavirus (hBoV) was first identified in 2005 from the nasopharyngeal aspirate of patients with unresolved respiratory infection [130]. HBoV has also been associated with acute respiratory illnesses, predominantly among young children [131–133], and has been suggested as a potential cause of acute respiratory illnesses and recurrent wheezing episodes across several studies of preterm infants and children [134–136].
A prospective study on the epidemiology and clinical significance of viral respiratory infections among pediatric oncology patients
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2019
Christianna Vliora, Vassilios Papadakis, Dimitrios Doganis, Natalia Tourkantoni, Anna Paisiou, Christine Kottaridi, Georgia Kourlamba, Theoklis Zaoutis, Helen Kosmidis, Antonis Kattamis, Sophia Polychronopoulou, Evgenios Goussetis, Georgia Giannouli, Garyfallia Syridou, Kostas Priftis, Vassiliki Papaevangelou
Concerning the most frequent viral pathogen, our findings are in accordance to the Torres et al.24 study, which reported that RSV was found in 31% of viral infections among neutropenic, febrile children, over 3 years. Other available pediatric studies show that the most frequent pathogen is rhinovirus.10,18,20,22,23,25 One may postulate that such differences are due to the studies’ different geographic locations and the annual viral epidemiologic variations. It is well documented that RSV prevalence varies in different years.26–28 Another explanation might be differences in mean age distribution of the patients included in the aforementioned studies. RSV being more prevalent in the ≤5years age group was probably captured by our study where the mean age of the positive subjects was 4.82 years.29–31 Previous reports agree with the viral coinfections observed in our study. Moreover, our finding that RSV is the most common component in dual infections is supported by previous literature.18,25 In accordance to our findings, most studies report that viral coinfections are not associated with increased severity, but a recent Austrian report found that coinfection by ≥2 viruses was associated with more severe respiratory illness.18,20,32,33 Another point worth discussing is the detection of Bocavirus and how this correlates with respiratory infection. Bocavirus has been detected in children with respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms and has been shown to be a component of multiple viral coinfections.34,35 However various studies have shown that Bocavirus can shed over prolonged periods of time, ranging up to a year, and therefore be detected in asymptomatic individuals, long after the primary infection.36–38 In our cohort Bocavirus was a component in 33.3% of viral coinfections (6/18) and was detected as a single infection in 3.5% (8/224). Even though the majority of our patients had active respiratory symptoms and fever, we cannot be certain that the detection of Bocavirus represents the culprit pathogen and not an accidental finding.