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Infectious and parasitic causes of hypopigmentation
Published in Electra Nicolaidou, Clio Dessinioti, Andreas D. Katsambas, Hypopigmentation, 2019
Serena Gianfaldoni, Aleksandra Vojvodic, Nooshin Bagherani, Bruce R. Smoller, Balachandra Ankad, Leon Gilad, Arieh Ingber, Fabrizio Guarneri, Uwe Wollina, Torello Lotti
The pinta primary lesion is an itchy, scaly papule or plaque that expands to greater than 10 cm but does not ulcerate. In bejel, the primary lesion is seldom seen because of its small size and location within the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa. Primary lesions in yaws and pinta are most commonly found on the exposed lower extremities, but also on the buttocks, arms, hands, and face.50–52
Non-venereal endemic treponematoses
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Bejel is caused by the spirochaete bacterium Treponema pallidum endemicum, which is indistinguishable from the Treponema species responsible for yaws, pinta (other nonvenereal treponematoses) and syphilis.
The Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution
Published in Lois N. Magner, Oliver J. Kim, A History of Medicine, 2017
If diseases were catalogued in terms of etiological agents instead of means of transmission, syphilis would be described as a member of the treponematosis family, that is, diseases caused by members of the Treponema group of spirochetes (corkscrew-shaped bacteria). Although these microbes grow slowly, once established in a suitable host they multiply with inexorable patience and persistence. Syphilis is one of four clinically distinct human treponematoses; the others are known as pinta, yaws, and bejel. Some bacteriologists believe that pinta, yaws, bejel, and syphilis are caused by variants of an ancestral spirochete that adapted to different patterns of climate and human behavior. The nonvenereal treponematoses are probably descendants of ancient childhood diseases. As people migrated to cooler areas and wore more clothing, nonvenereal transmission was inhibited. Pinta, a disease endemic in Mexico and Central America, is characterized by skin eruptions of varying severity. Until Treponema carateum was discovered, pinta was classified among the fungal skin diseases. Yaws, a disease caused by Treponema pertenue, flourishes in hot, moist climates. Like syphilis, yaws leads to destruction of tissue, joints, and bone. Bejel (nonvenereal endemic syphilis) is generally acquired in childhood among rural populations living in warm, arid regions. Like syphilis, bejel has a latent phase, and afflicted individuals may be infectious for many years.
Serologic false-positive reactions for syphilis in children of adenoidal hypertrophy:2 case reports and review of the literature
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Wei Wang, Xuzhou Fan, Xuelian Huang, Jingmei Yan, Jianfeng Luan
Treponematoses are infections caused by the spirochetal organisms of the Treponema species. These causes mainly include syphilis and nonvenereal or endemic treponematoses (ETs) consisting of yaws, bejel and pinta [14]. Unlike syphilis, the nonvenereal treponematoses are mainly transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, and children under 15 years of age are more susceptible to these diseases in tropical and subtropical areas. It is almost impossible to distinguish these diseases from each other by morphology or by serological tests [15]. The patient’s disease state may also lead to false positive reactions in serological tests of ETs. So the establishment of the diagnosis of ETs can be even more difficult in countries with poor laboratory diagnostics but high rates of syphilis.