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Infectious and parasitic causes of hypopigmentation
Published in Electra Nicolaidou, Clio Dessinioti, Andreas D. Katsambas, Hypopigmentation, 2019
Serena Gianfaldoni, Aleksandra Vojvodic, Nooshin Bagherani, Bruce R. Smoller, Balachandra Ankad, Leon Gilad, Arieh Ingber, Fabrizio Guarneri, Uwe Wollina, Torello Lotti
Treponemes may be identified in a wet preparation of material obtained from primary lesions by dark-field microscopy. Direct fluorescent antibody tests using anti–T. pallidum antibodies can distinguish pathogenic treponemal infections from saprophyte treponemes. The skin pathology of the silver impregnation technique is largely similar to that of venereal syphilis. The early lesions of yaws and bejel show epidermal hyperplasia with collections of neutrophils and a typical plasmocytic dermal infiltrate. In early bejel, granulomas consisting of epithelioid cells and multinuclear giant cells may be present. In early pinta lesions, there is loss of melanin in basal cells and liquefaction degeneration. Epidermal atrophy and the presence of many melanophages in the dermis are typical findings of late-stage pinta.54,55
Syphilis
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
In rare cases, the following conditions may give false-positives to these high-specificity tests, but the less-sensitive non-treponemal tests should be negative: Lyme disease.yaws (a disease caused by a subspecies of the syphilis bacterium, T. pallidum pertenue).pinta (a disease caused by the bacterium T. pallidum carateum).leptospirosis (also called Weil’s disease).rat-bite fever (caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus bacteria).pregnancy.
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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Pinta Tropical dermatitis caused by Treponema carateum accompanied by depigmentation. Appeared in Mexico from southern parts of America in 1775. Described by Jean Louis Alibert (1768–1837) in 1829, by Burkehart in Mexico in 1837 and byj. Gastambadie in his history Mai Pintado in 1881.
Emerging drugs for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: 2020 phase II clinical trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2021
Giacomo Sgalla, Marialessia Lerede, Luca Richeldi
GPR84 is a G-protein coupled receptor with a central role in inflammatory condition and fibrotic processes. Its mRNA was highly detected in immune cells and epithelial bronchial cells of IPF patients and murine models of lung fibrosis (bleomycin-induced or thorax radiation models). GLPG 1205 is a promising, selective GPR84 antagonist able to reduce macrophages chemotaxis, collagen deposition and oxidative-stress compounds production, dampening lung damage [34]. Greater awareness about this molecule’s efficacy in the clinical setting comes from the PINTA study, whose preliminary results were disclosed last November (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03725852). This phase II, multicenter, double blind, randomized controlled trial enrolled and randomized 68 IPF subject in a 2:1 ratio to receive 100 mg a day of GLPG 1205 (2 capsules) or placebo on top of standard of care for a period of 26 weeks. The primary endpoint of the trial was the change from baseline in FVC (in mL) during the study period: patients in the active arm showed a smaller FVC decline than placebo arm (−34 ms vs −76 ml), although this difference was not statistically significant. Other measures included safety, tolerability, time to major events, changes in functional exercise capacity and quality of life. Only in the subgroup in treatment with nintedanib, there were higher rates of early discontinuations and treatment-related adverse events, with one death due to an exacerbation of IPF, which was considered unrelated to study treatment. Full results are still awaited.
Serologic false-positive reactions for syphilis in children of adenoidal hypertrophy:2 case reports and review of the literature
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Wei Wang, Xuzhou Fan, Xuelian Huang, Jingmei Yan, Jianfeng Luan
Treponematoses are infections caused by the spirochetal organisms of the Treponema species. These causes mainly include syphilis and nonvenereal or endemic treponematoses (ETs) consisting of yaws, bejel and pinta [14]. Unlike syphilis, the nonvenereal treponematoses are mainly transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, and children under 15 years of age are more susceptible to these diseases in tropical and subtropical areas. It is almost impossible to distinguish these diseases from each other by morphology or by serological tests [15]. The patient’s disease state may also lead to false positive reactions in serological tests of ETs. So the establishment of the diagnosis of ETs can be even more difficult in countries with poor laboratory diagnostics but high rates of syphilis.
Pharmacological management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: current and emerging options
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Athina Trachalaki, Mujammil Irfan, Athol U Wells
GPR84 is a fatty acid receptor expressed in immune cells and is believed to promote chronic inflammation, as it is overexpressed during inflammation. GRP84 receptors have been linked to renal fibrosis, attenuated by their ablation [132]. GLPG1205 is a GPR84 inhibitor that is currently tested in a Phase 2 IPF trial, in combination with the standard of care (PINTA trial, NCT03725852)