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Dengue Fever: A Viral Hemorrhagic Fever of Global Concern
Published in Jagriti Narang, Manika Khanuja, Small Bite, Big Threat, 2020
Bennet Angel, Neelam Yadav, Jagriti Narang, Annette Angel, Vinod Joshi
Mammalian cell line culture: Various cell lines such as Vero cell lines (monkey kidney cell lines; LLCMK2) and baby hamster kidney cell lines (BHK-21) are exploited for the isolation of DENV, as shown in Fig. 4.26. However, the most exploited cell line is the Vero cell line, but better results could not be attained (Diercks, 1959; Guzman et al., 1984; Halstead et al., 1964; Hotta and Evan, 1956; Miles and Austin, 1963; Rosen and Gubler, 1974; Sukhavachna et al., 1966; Yuill et al., 1968).
Fibroblast Growth Factors and Oncogenesis
Published in Velibor Krsmanović, James F. Whitfield, Malignant Cell Secretion, 2019
The expression of aFGF cDNA confers the same growth advantage on Swiss 3T3 cells, but it also makes them tumorigenic.39 Transformed cells from multilayered, disorganized colonies produce small nonprogressive tumors when injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The expression of human bFGF cDNA also provoked autonomous growth of BHK (baby hamster kidney) cells.40
Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections
Published in Sunit K. Singh, Human Respiratory Viral Infections, 2014
Eric T. Beck, Kelly J. Henrickson
HPIVs can replicate in a number of primary and secondary cell culture lines. The most common cell lines used to isolate these viruses are LLC-MK2 (rhesus monkey kidney cells), Vero E6 (African green monkey kidney cells), HEp-2/Wish/KB/HeLa (all are derivatives of HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells), MDCK-2 (Madin-Darby canine kidney cells), BHK-21 (baby hamster kidney cells), and HMV-II (human malignant melanoma cells).99–105 HPIVs can also replicate effectively in organ cultures from mice, guinea pigs, ferrets, and human respiratory epithelial cells.106 Primary monkey kidney cell lines are more sensitive to HPIV-1 and -2, but they are prone to contamination with foamy viruses (though foamy virus infection generally does not negate the ability to detect an HPIV infection).107 More recently, human airway epithelium (HAE) culture models have been developed. In HAE models, the cells grow at a liquid/air interface in such a manner that the apical portion of the cells is exposed to air while the basal side is submerged in liquid. These cultures are used to model in vivo respiratory disease rather than for isolation of viruses.
Engineering death resistance in CHO cells for improved perfusion culture
Published in mAbs, 2022
Michael A. MacDonald, Matthias Nöbel, Verónica S. Martínez, Kym Baker, Evan Shave, Peter P. Gray, Stephen Mahler, Trent Munro, Lars K. Nielsen, Esteban Marcellin
Historically, most bioprocesses have used fed-batch culture methods for production, but this method typically ends with a culture viability ‘crash’. Perfusion cultures, on the other hand, continuously supply fresh media and remove cell-free supernatant, which extends culture duration. As cell death still occurs in perfusion cultures, a bleed stream removes culture from the bioreactor to prevent the accumulation of dead cells and maintain high viability. As this stream is normally not purified separately, 10–30% of the culture volume are lost daily.26 Attempts to reduce losses associated with the bleed stream have focused on the reduction of growth rate by the means of either temperature shift, a growth,27 or perfusion rate,12 while attempts to directly reduce cell death through genetic engineering are scarce. Nivitchanyong et al. showed that it was possible to increase the viability of baby hamster kidney cells at very low perfusion rates of 0.15 nL/cell/day with the overexpression of the anti-apoptotic genes Aven and E1B-19 K.6
Encounters with adenovirus
Published in Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
Soon after its discovery it was recognized that the Ad family comprises several so-called serotypes and that these are associated with different symptoms in infected patients. Today more than 70 human Ads are known. In general, they cause mild disease, and subjects are often unaware of their encounters with the virus. The infectivity is low, and it was noted early that widespread infection often occurs in closed communities, e.g. among military recruits. The most common adenovirus infections are associated with mild respiratory symptoms. Other types cause keratoconjunctivitis or gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. In rare cases Ads do cause life-threatening disease, primarily in immune-compromised patients. The Ad family is, based on antigenicity and DNA sequence homology, divided into seven subgenera, named A–G. Members of the different subgenera usually cause different symptoms. Trentin et al. conducted a systematic study of known human viruses, in alphabetical order (7). They quickly noted that injection of Ad 12 into newborn hamsters resulted in tumors at the site of injection within a few months. This finding raised the interest in Ads tremendously, and it was quickly demonstrated that Ad 12 is able to transform baby hamster kidney cells in vitro (8).
Potent therapeutic efficacy of an alphavirus replicon DNA vaccine expressing human papilloma virus E6 and E7 antigens
Published in OncoImmunology, 2018
Stephanie van de Wall, Karl Ljungberg, Peng Peng Ip, Annemarie Boerma, Maria L. Knudsen, Hans W. Nijman, Peter Liljeström, Toos Daemen
Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (No. CCL-10). TC-1 tumor cells, transformed with a retroviral vector expressing HPV16 E6E7, and C3, expressing the complete HPV16 genome, were received as a kind gift from Prof. C. Melief (Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands). These cells were cultured as previously described.24