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Recent Developments in Therapies and Strategies Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Misbah Hameed, M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Marius Moga
Nitazoxanide is a broad-spectrum antiviral and antiparasitic agent. It is used for the treatment of different helminthic, protozoal, and viral infections. Nitazoxanide is the prototype agent of the thiazolides, which is a group having synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivatives with antiviral and antiparasitic activity. Tizoxanide, an active metabolite of nitazoxanide also antiparasitic drug of the thiazolide class. Clinical trials of nitazoxanide against influenza has been done and shown inhibitory effect on a broad range of influenza virus subtypes. The drug is also effective against influenza viruses which develop some resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir Nitazoxanide is also being investigated as a potential treatment for chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, norovirus gastroenteritis and rotavirus.
Antimicrobials during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Parasitic infections are common during pregnancy, but therapy (with a few exceptions) can usually be withheld until after pregnancy since many such infections are mild and asymptomatic. Metronidazole, the only effective antiparasitic agent for trichomoniasis, was discussed earlier. Pediculicides
Ethnopharmacology of the Genus Pilocarpus
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Ronaldo dos Santos Sousa, Mahendra Rai, Chistiane Mendes Feitosa, Leiz Maria Costa Veras, Pedro Vitor Oliveira S. Furtado
Almeida Rocha et al. (2017) reported the antibacterial and anthelmintic activity of five alkaloids found in leaves of P. microphyllus, namely, pilosina, epiisopilosina, isopilosina, epiisopiloturina e macaubina. Regarding anthelmintic activity, alkaloids were studied using in vitro assays to assess survival time and damaged integuments for adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. The potent anthelmintic activity of epiisopilosina indicates the potential of this natural compound as an antiparasitic agent.
Evaluation of the non-clinical toxicity of an antiparasitic agent: diminazene aceturate
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
George Laylson da Silva Oliveira, Ana Paula dos Santos C. L. da Silva
There has been an expansion of pharmacological studies on the antiparasitic agent diminazene aceturate by several research groups in the last decade and few have addressed toxicological parameters (Oliveira and Freitas 2015). Therefore, the development of research to clarify its toxicological profile is important. The present study presents the single dose toxicity results of diminazene aceturate in Swiss mice using other experimental models. Being a veterinary drug listed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), diminazene aceturate is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 3–7 mg/kg in several species of animals infected with Trypanosoma parasites, and at these doses few clinical effects of toxicity are observed in domestic animals and the clinical signs resulting from the infection are suppressed within 24 hs (Silva et al.2009, Oliveira et al. 2014).
Small molecules as kinetoplastid specific proteasome inhibitors for leishmaniasis: a patent review from 1998 to 2021
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2022
Mohd Imran, Shah Alam Khan, Ahmed Subeh Alshrari, Mahmoud Mudawi Eltahir Mudawi, Mohammed Kanan Alshammari, Aishah Ali Harshan, Noufah Aqeel Alshammari
WO2018229683A1 discloses [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4 H)-one and 5,6-fused bicyclic ring system derivatives that target the proteasome of kinetoplastid parasites and can be used for prophylaxis or treatment of conditions that are caused by the infection of kinetoplastid parasites (leishmaniasis) [44]. The inhibitory efficacy of many disclosed compounds against Buckner infectious T. cruzi and L. donovani Ethiopian HU3 strain infected mice macrophages had an EC50 of < 1 μM. Compound 1 (Figure 6) was identified as the most potent antiparasitic agent based on its activity in L. donovani Ethiopian HU3 strain infected mice macrophages (EC50 = 0.018 µM). The SAR based on the EC50 data suggests that the presence of the fluoro group at the 3,5 position is important for high potency. The substitution of a fluoro group with another electron-withdrawing group such as – CF3 produced an inactive compound. Piperidine ring appears to be an ideal motif for enhancing the activity as its replacement with pyrrolidine or piperazine leads to a reduction in the activity. The ethylene linker can be replaced with – OCH2-.
Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of coronavirus disease: a review
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Manoj Kumar Sarangi, Sasmita Padhi, Shrivardhan Dheeman, Santosh Kumar Karn, L. D. Patel, Dong Kee Yi, Sitansu Sekhar Nanda
The FDA-approved ivermectin is an antiparasitic agent with an established safety profile for clinical use. Scientific data analysis of ivermectin has revealed that its safety profile is comparable higher doses and the standard low doses. Further investigation is needed for its authentication, approval, and usage, with respect to potential benefits against COVID-19. Based on in vitro data, ivermectin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 because of its broad-spectrum antiviral activity. The drug was effective in reducing viral RNA synthesis (by approximately 5000-fold) in 48 h with a single dose in Vero-hSLAM cells within 2 h after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Considering its favorable safety profile, a recent report revealed that ivermectin is important as a potential antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection [69].