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Acinetobacter — Microbiology
Published in E. Bergogne-Bénézin, M.L. Joly-Guillou, K.J. Towner, Acinetobacter, 2020
It has been emphasised that antibiogram typing results should be interpreted with caution as unrelated strains may exhibit the same antibiogram (Joly-Guillou et al., 1991). It must also be realised that changes in susceptibility may occur during endemic episodes. Nevertheless, in conjunction with other methods, antibiogram typing can be a useful tool.
Sonography in Male Infertility
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
Ultrasound diagnosis of chronic vesiculitis suffers from significant limitations, because of similarity to malignant disease appearance. Variability of sonographic finding depends on heterogenicity of pathomorphological changes in chronic inflammatory processes, i.e., fibrosis, areas of recurrent active infection, scars, and changes in vascularization. Antibiotic therapy, based on antibiogram, is sometimes effective therapy for chronic infection and could result in complete recovery. Drug injection into the seminal vesicles, under sonographic guidance (antibiotics, corticosteroids), is an effective treatment of the disease in approximately 2/3 of cases. The seminal vesicles were larger in patients with a previous diagnosis of prostatitis. Infrequently, the seminal vesicles are the site of cysts,10 tumors, or congenital malformations.11 Stone formations within the seminal vesicles are rare (Figures 12 and 13).
The Pharmacist Role in Antimicrobial Stewardship and Interpreting Microbiology Laboratory Results
Published in Nancy Khardori, Bench to Bedside, 2018
Stephanie Crosby, Mark DeAngelo, Nancy Khardori
In order to determine the appropriate initial therapy, the provider and the pharmacist should first be familiar with the institution’s antibiogram. This tool reports susceptibilities from the previous year within a particular institution and surrounding areas to various antibiotics, empowering the clinician to choose the right presumptive therapy. Typically, the institution’s microbiology laboratory will supply the susceptibility data and will work closely with the infectious disease pharmacist to prepare and distribute the antibiogram. If a gram negative infection is suspected in the hospital setting, common practice is to provide double coverage for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam, e.g., a carbapenem and either an aminoglycoside or a fluoroquinolone. The pharmacist will recommend to the provider to choose the two most appropriate agents by utilizing the antibiogram. For example, an institution might report 70% sensitivity rate to fluoroquinolones for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas carbapenem or aminoglycosides have sensitivities > 90%. This would illustrate that fluoroquinolones might not be the best initial agent if P. aeruginosa is suspected, as with ventilator-associated pneumonia or septic shock. Moreover, the antibiogram is useful in preparing order-sets to assist the clinician with initial regimens for common infections.
The war against bacteria, from the past to present and beyond
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Lucrezia Bottalico, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Maria Assunta Potenza, Monica Montagnani, Luigi Santacroce
An antibiogram screening can be performed on samples obtained from blood (must be performed promptly in positive samples), urines, CSF, biological material from the respiratory tract (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage), bone or joint specimens, pleural effusions, or fluids from body cavities (when a bacterial etiology is suspected) [215,216]. Besides guiding the correct treatment in single patients, antibiogram can be useful for epidemiological purposes and help to identify hospital infections, which may be antibiotic resistant. On the other hand, results from antibiogram may be meaningless, for example, when the isolated microorganism can reasonably be excluded as responsible for an infection being instead a contaminant or a commensal population (e.g. oral Streptococcus spp. or H. parainfluenzae in a bronchial specimen), or when the number of reported CFU/ml is below a significant threshold in the respective fluid or secretion examined (e.g. urine or bronchial secretions). The second reason is that the isolated pathogen belongs to a species constantly sensitive to standard treatments, or for which there is no correlation between the in vitro and in vivo activity of the drug [216].
Trends and risk factors in the antibiotic management of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Michael H. Storandt, Christopher D. Walden, Abe E. Sahmoun, James R. Beal
Clinically it is often recommended to treat empirically based on the local prevalence of specific bacteria in conjunction with the local antibiogram. This may mean that providers are treating MRSA class antibiotics as a first line if MRSA strains are prevalent in a region (13). Future directives should be aimed at investigating the practice behaviors and ideology of physicians regionally, as well as the regional fauna differences to elucidate if current practices and bacterial biology are aligned. Of note, there is a significant difference in the number of antibiotics prescribed between visits receiving at least one antibiotic with MRSA coverage versus those receiving antibiotics with MSSA coverage alone. It is unclear what the importance of this finding is as we cannot define the order in which the antibiotic was prescribed nor the time frames in which they were prescribed. Defining this relationship would help to better understand if prescribers are treating empirically then shifting to appropriate antibiotic classes derived from cultures, or if providers are stepping up coverage due to lack of response to initial therapy.
Mycotic aortic and left iliac ruptured aneurysm due to Escherichia Coli: a case report and literature overview
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2022
Ali Ballaith, Juliette Raffort, Khalid Rajhi, Benjamin Salucki, Céline Drai, Elixène Jean-Baptiste, Réda Hassen-Khodja, Fabien Lareyre
The antibiotic treatment prescribed depends on the bacteria involved and its antibiogram profile. In this case, the E. Coli was sensitive to all antibiotics and could be treated with a third-generation cephalosporin. A few cases of mycotic aneurysms with extended Spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli have been reported, which required the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics such a s carbapenem or meropenem [5,7,8]. The duration of the treatment is extremely heterogeneous among the different studies, from 4 to 6 weeks, to 3 to 6 weeks or even for the deration of the patient’s life. Antibiotic treatment varied depending on the clinical presentation, the identified bacteria, the patients’ characteristics and the response to treatment [1]. In our case, the total duration of the initial antibiotic treatment prescribed was 12 weeks based on the consultation of infectious experts, but unfortunately, the patient only received treatment 6 weeks due to a lack of observance. The early interruption of the antibiotic treatment could have favored the secondary graft infection.