China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Order Tubulavirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The supercoiled, circular, ssDNA genome of the Plectroviridae family is about 4.5−8.3 kb and encodes 4−13 proteins. The members of this small family infect cell-wall-less bacteria from the genera Acholeplasma and Spiroplasma, adsorbing to the bacterial surface (Knezevic et al. 2021b).
Antifungals
Published in Rajendra Prasad, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Lipids of Pathogenic Fungi, 2017
A. S. Ibrahim, R. Prasad, M. A. Ghannoum
Polyenes constitute a major class of anti-Candida drugs and are known to bind with the plasma membrane leading to altered permeability and subsequent death of the organism.11-15 There appears to be a direct association between the sensitivity of an organism to a polyene and the presence of sterols in the plasma membrane of the cells. All organisms susceptible to polyenes, e.g., yeasts, algae, protozoa and mammalian cells, contain sterols in their outer membrane, while all the resistant organisms do not contain sterols.16 Studies with Acholeplasma laidlawaii, which is also unable to synthesize sterols, provide further proof of the association between the sensitivity of an organism to polyene and to the presence of sterols.17,18 When A. laidlawaii was grown in a sterol-deficient medium, the cells were resistant to polyenes; when grown in sterol-containing media, sterols were incorporated into the plasma membrane and the organism became sensitive to polyenes.18
Anti-Aging Drug Discovery in Experimental Gerontological Studies
Published in Shamim I. Ahmad, Aging: Exploring a Complex Phenomenon, 2017
Alexander N. Khokhlov, Alexander A. Klebanov, Galina V. Morgunova
During many years of research on the stationary phase aging model, our premise was that cultured cells whose proliferation is restricted in some way (preferably by contact inhibition) accumulate “age-related” defects similar to those in cells of aging multicellular organisms (and geroprotectors should postpone/retard the accumulation), with the kinetics of cell death in this model system remaining behind the scene. Our subsequent studies have shown that mammalian cells in this model die out in accordance with the Gompertz law; that is, they age in the true sense (Khokhlov 2010b; Khokhlov et al. 2014; Khokhlov and Morgunova 2017). In other words, the probability of their death increases exponentially with age, as in aging animals and humans. Incidentally, similar results were obtained with the suspension cultures of Acholeplasma laidlawii (Kapitanov and Aksenov 1990), and our previous experiments with this mycoplasma showed that its stationary phase aging could be successfully delayed by treatment with a geroprotective antioxidant 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine chlorohydrate (Khokhlov et al. 1984b).
Bioaugmentation of the green alga to enhance biogas production in an anaerobic hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Sevcan Aydin, Hadi Fakhri, Nalan Tavsanli
Another contrast was seen in the Proteobacteria, which declined in the biofilm layer in the existence of H. pluvialis while mostly remaining unaffected in the sludge. A higher degree of dissociation was also seen in the HP reactor’s sludge and biofilm layer, with Firmicutes and Proteobacteria accounting for more than half of the total community in the sludge but less than 25% in the biofilm layer. Acetothermia and Cloacimonetes, neither of which were present in the biofilm layers of the C1 and C2 reactors, predominated in the biofilm layer of the HP reactor. The phyla Acetothermia, Acidobacteria, Armatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi were barely detectable in the sludge samples from the C1 and C2 reactors, whereas their presence in the HP reactor was much higher. Acetothermia spp. produce acetate, which is utilized in the formation of methane, thus enhancing biogas production. Phylum Thermotogae, previously reported to be correlated with hydrogenotrophic methane formation, did not change in the sludge samples, however decreased within the biofilm layer with the addition of antibiotics; and was completely diminished in the HP reactor in both sludge and biofilm layers. Citrobacter, Fervidobacterium, Klebsiella, Clostridium sensu stricto 5 and 8, Raoultella and Coprothermobacter were the most abundant genera in biofilm layers of the C1 and C2 reactors. Further, Acholeplasma was the most abundant genus in the biofilm layer of the HP reactor.
The Composition Alteration of Respiratory Microbiota in Lung Cancer
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2020
Xi Zheng, Xiaochi Sun, Qinye Liu, Yue Huang, Yong Yuan
Tables 2 and 3 show the distribution of the microbial taxa whose relative abundance was higher than 5% at both phylum and genus level among lung cancer cases and controls. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes have been reported as the dominant bacterial phyla in both lung cancer and control groups (20). Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes have also been identified by various research groups, though with different relative abundances (21,23,25). The phyla Fusobacteria is dominant in patients with benign pulmonary diseases while Actinobacteria is enriched in lung cancer tissue compared with lung emphysema tissue (20,21,23,25). Jin et al. indicated that bacterial genera including Prevotella, Haemophilus, Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, and Rothia were dominant in patients with lung cancer or benign pulmonary nodules as well as healthy participants. However, the genera Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Granulicatella, Acinetobacter, Ruminococcus, and Methylobacterium were more abundant or unique in lung cancer patients compared with the healthy controls (18–24). Conversely, the genera including Acinetobacter, Acidovorax, Acholeplasma, Acidocella, Fusobacterium, Moraxellaceae, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, and Streptophyta were mainly found in non-cancerous individuals (18,21–24).
Omics of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2019
Vladislav M. Chernov, Olga A. Chernova, Alexey A. Mouzykantov, Leonid L. Lopukhov, Rustam I. Aminov
Small RNAs (sRNAs) in the extracellular vesicles of microorganisms are of particular interest because they are considered to be mediators of cell reprogramming in response to changes in environmental variables [13,36,39]. The involvement of vesicular sRNAs in response to antimicrobial agents and the corresponding development of resistance has recently been demonstrated for Acholeplasma laidlawii [71]. The wild-type and resistant strains were grown under antibiotic-free and antimicrobial treatment (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and melittin) conditions. Some differentially expressed sRNAs were associated with genes conferring antimicrobial resistance, including metal-dependent β-lactamases, MATE-family proteins, and ABC-transporters. Currently, sRNAs are considered to be promising targets for the development of novel antimicrobials [72]. In this respect, targeting sRNAs present in the biologically indispensable extracellular vesicles could be important for antimicrobial drug development.