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Dynamics of Immunoglobulin and T-cell Receptor Genes Recombinations During Lymphocyte Development
Published in Gérard Chaouat, The Immunology of the Fetus, 2020
Daniele Primi, Evelyne Jouvin-Marche, Raphael A. Clynes, Jean-Pierre Marolleau, Carine Gris, Kenneth B. Marcu, Pierre-André Cazenave
The stages of the developmental pathway of B-lymphocytes have been defined by the ordered synthesis and expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules.6-10 Assembly of the H-chain variable region gene from its component VH, JH, and DH segments occurs first via an ordered two-step process involving formation of D-JH intermediates on both chromosomes of the pre-B-cell, followed by VH-D-JH joining. The resultant H-chain protein signal for the formation of light (L) chain variable region gene from its component DNA segments (VL and JL). Because techniques for growing many of the cells in the B-lineage are still being developed, much of the work characterizing the stages of B-cell development has involved the examination of Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed cells.
Acute and Chronic Transforming Retroviruses
Published in Pimentel Enrique, Oncogenes, 2020
Acute transforming retroviruses have been isolated from tumors occurring in different animal species but are not involved in a natural transmission of the diseases from one animal to another. For example, one of these viruses, the Harvey murine sarcoma virus (H-MuSV), was isolated from solid tumors that developed in rats previously injected with a chronic transforming retrovirus, the Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV).5 Presumably, this virus picked up genetic information from the rat cells in which M-MuLV had been propagated. By a similar procedure, a closely related retrovirus with acute transforming properties was isolated thereafter and was called K-MuSV.6 Another acute retrovirus, the Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV), arose in a steroid-treated mouse infected with M-MuLV,7 probably as a consequence of recombination of M-MuLV with cellular sequences.
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Human Leukemias: Implication of an Autocrine Process?
Published in Velibor Krsmanović, James F. Whitfield, Malignant Cell Secretion, 2019
Patrice Mannoni, Françoise Birg, Claude Mawas
Transfection of a factor-dependent mouse cell line (FDC-P1) with a cDNA coding for GM-CSF led to the autocrine proliferation of the resulting clones.105De novo expression of GM-CSF mRNA was also observed in mutant cell clones, derived from a growth factor-dependent cell line.16 In these two cases, some of the resulting clones were shown to have acquired autonomous growth through an apparent GM-CSF autocrine loop.16 A similar autocrine model was produced by infecting murine multilineage hematopoietic colonies with Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV).15 The resulting immortalized cell lines were found to produce several hematopoietic growth factors, among which were GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-6.15 On the other hand, in other models, transfection with a GM-CSF cDNA resulted in spontaneous proliferation, without the acquisition of a transformed phenotype or tumorigenicity.16
Zinc ferrate nanoparticles for applications in medicine: synthesis, physicochemical properties, regulation of macrophage functions, and in vivo safety evaluation
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Yu Wang, Yajie Liu, Jiajia Li, Xiaoqing Xu, Xinru Li
The murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells (passage no. 6), derived from tumors of BLAB/c mouse induced by Abelson murine leukemia virus, were purchased from Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. As a sensitive and appropriate in vitro model, this cell line was applied in studying effects of NPs on cellular processes or functions such as in vitro cytotoxicity, intracellular localization of NPs, expression of cytokine, surface markers as well as ROS, phagocytic function, and so forth (Park et al. 2011; Nishanth et al. 2011). The cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), supplemented with 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2.
Approaches to patients with variants in RAG genes: from diagnosis to timely treatment
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2019
Adeeb A. Bulkhi, Joseph F. Dasso, Catharina Schuetz, Jolan E. Walter
Overall, ultimately, direct or indirect readout of recombinase activity is needed for confirmation of the pathogenicity of novel RAG variants and its association with the clinical and immunological phenotypes. This approach may include TCR/BCR repertoire studies (indirect assay, in vivo) and/or in vitro recombination assays (direct assay). In case of RAG deficiencies, the BCR repertoire is skewed toward decreased distal V, D, and, especially, J (J5 and J6) BCR families [12], and TCRα repertoire is lacking Vα7.2 secondary to absent distant TCR rearrangement [57]. The skewing of TCR and BCR repertoire reflects well the level of underlying RAG activity [12,21,50,59]. However, similar repertoire changes may occur in other V(D)J recombination defects such as Artemis (DCLRE1C) deficiency [57]. Therefore, to make a distinction, several direct in vitro measurements of RAG enzyme recombination activity have been described. There are two most recently used approaches. In the first method, Notarangelo et al. transfected a retroviral vector construct for RAG1 to rag1-deficient Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed pro-B cell line that contains an inverted intrachromosomic green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene flanked by RSS. Relative recombinase activity of RAG1 is measured by flipping the GFP gene permitting its expression, which is measured by flow. cytometry; the proportion of cells expressing GFP (mutant/wild type) corresponds to relative recombinase activity of the RAG variant [9].
Anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis ecuadorica extract in phthalic-anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis of IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 transgenic mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Bo Ram Song, Su Jin Lee, Ji Eun Kim, Hyeon Jun Choi, Su Ji Bae, Yun Ju Choi, Jeong Eun Gong, Jin Kyung Noh, Hye Sung Kim, Hyun-Gu Kang, Jin Tae Hong, Dae Youn Hwang
RAW264.7 cells are monocytes and macrophages derived from ascites of the Abelson murine leukaemia virus-induced tumour model. These cells were procured from the Korea Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea), and cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s (DMEM) medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS, S001-01, Welgene, Gyeongsan-si, Korea), l-glutamine (2 mM, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), penicillin (100 U/mL, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) and streptomycin (100 µg/mL, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), in a humidified incubator at 37 °C under atmosphere with 5% CO2.