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The Ecology of Parasitism
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2023
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Another aspect of ecological immunology is social immunity best exemplified by social insects such as ants, bees and termites. Selection by parasites has resulted in anti-parasite defenses in insect societies that are remarkably parallel to those seen in individual host organisms, further suggestive of insect societies functioning as superorganisms. A superorganism, well-exemplified by ant or termite colonies, consists of a social group of animals with pronounced division of labor. Insect colonies employ border defenses to prevent infection, but if such infection should occur, colony members work to minimize its spread. Finally, they employ defenses to prevent the infection of the reproductive individuals of the colony (see social immunization in Chapter 4).
Double Erasure Under 21st Century Virtual Capitalism
Published in Journal of Progressive Human Services, 2021
Vanessa Robinson-Dooley, Hans Skott-Myhre
The second approach that we think may have some utility in increasing our social immunity is found in the work of Shawn Ginwright (2018) Ginwright offers an alternative approach to dealing with Black male trauma which he calls “Healing Centered Engagement.” As we have noted above, Ginwright does not think that you can deal with trauma by focusing solely on the individual. He advocates that all trauma needs to be addressed collectively as a historical and political project. He names four points in his approach 1) healing-centered engagement is explicitly political rather than clinical 2) it is culturally grounded and views healing as the restoration of identity 3) the work focuses on the well-being we want rather than the suppression of symptoms we don’t want 4) finally it is a process of reflexive healing in which all parties engage their traumas including service providers.