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Neck
Published in Swati Goyal, Neuroradiology, 2020
These are calculi arising within the salivary glands and the associated ducts, with the submandibular gland hilum and Wharton’s duct being the most common sites. As Wharton’s duct is longer and has a narrower lumen in comparison to other salivary ducts, it is predisposed toward salivary stasis. Stagnant calcium-rich secretions eventually form stones. Sialadenitis, swelling, and inflammation of the gland may occur due to obstruction, infection, or autoimmune causes. It may progress to chronic form, resulting in atrophy of the gland.
The salivary glands
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Acute suppurative sialadenitis is characterised by the sudden onset of a firm, erythematous swelling of the affected gland with exquisite local pain and tenderness. A purulent discharge may be seen intraorally at the duct orifice. If the parotid gland is involved there may be trismus and dysphagia.
Gastrointestinal tract and salivary glands
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
There are a number of changes in the appearance of a salivary gland that has suffered recurrent bouts of obstructive sialadenitis. These changes are characteristic of the disease process and show: The presence of sialolith(s).An increase in gland density.The presence of a dilated duct with strictures.
Salivette, a relevant saliva sampling device for SARS-CoV-2 detection
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2021
Monique Melo Costa, Nicolas Benoit, Jerome Dormoi, Remy Amalvict, Nicolas Gomez, Hervé Tissot-Dupont, Matthieu Million, Bruno Pradines, Samuel Granjeaud, Lionel Almeras
The risk to fail in saliva sampling seems less frequent than for NPSs. In a recent study assessing the efficiency of Salivette® for screening SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized cases, 12.2% (6/49) of patients were excluded for failing saliva volume [48]. Sialadenitis, an acute inflammation of salivary glands reported in COVID-19 patients, could lead to a decrease of salivary flow compromising saliva collection [59]. We observed an insufficient volume of saliva in 11.2% of the samples (n = 34). The large majority of these individuals (29/34; 85.3%) were tested SARS-CoV-2 negative in saliva, suggesting that, here, lower salivation could not be attributed to viral infection. Concerning the human cellular RNA control, adding water did not impair the detection of the HRNP. Although significant differences of HRNP Ct values were noticed between diluted and not diluted saliva samples, the SARS-CoV-2 detection in five saliva specimens underlined that viral detection does not seem altered by diluting saliva. The water addition at the top of the cotton roll allowed to recover most of the saliva samples (n = 33/34, 97.1%), for which HRNP was detected. Finally, water addition did not compromised RNA detection and the RNA integrity control allows to reduce false negative detection. To reduce the proportion of samples for which the saliva volume retrieved were insufficient, a better explanation of its use with a short video describing the proper use of Salivette would be helpful.
Protein-losing enteropathy may be an important characteristic manifestation in Sjögren’s syndrome
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2019
Tadashi Nakamura, Naoki Shiraishi, Yasuhiro Morikami, Hiromi Fujii, Hisashi Itoshima, Takihiro Kamio
The patient had positive results for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) X40 (speckled pattern), anti-SS-A antibody X256, and anti-SS-B antibody X32. The white blood cell count was 2300/μl (normal 3500–9700) and the rheumatoid factor value was 25 IU/ml (normal <35). Anti-ds-DNA antibody, anti-Sm antibody, and anti-RNP antibody levels were all negative, and C3 (124 mg/dl), C4 (31 mg/dl), and CH50 (43 U/ml) levels were within normal limits (normal 80–140, 11–34, and 30–45, respectively). The C-reactive protein level was 0.02 mg/dl (normal <0.30) and serum immunoglobulin levels were normal, which were inappropriate results for a protein-losing state. Schirmer’s test indicated tear migration of 2 mm over the right eye and 3 mm over the left eye in 5 min (normal >5 mm/5 min). Saxon’s test demonstrated saliva secretion of 0.7 g in 2 min (normal >2 g/2 min). Biopsy of the minor salivary gland showed focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (Figure 1(C)). These results met with the diagnostic criteria of both revised Japanese criteria for SS [5] and American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for pSS [6].
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of parotid glands before and after abatacept therapy in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis: Utility to evaluate and predict response to treatment
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2018
Hiroyuki Takahashi, Hiroto Tsuboi, Masahiro Yokosawa, Hiromitsu Asashima, Tomoya Hirota, Yuya Kondo, Isao Matsumoto, Takayuki Sumida
Previous studies assessed the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of sialadenitis in patients with SS [3–6]. T1-weighted images (T1WI) of the parotid glands showed high intensity areas, reflecting fat deposition, in SS patients [3–5]. Its extent correlated with the severity of impaired salivary flow. The standard deviation of the signal intensity, which provided an indication of the heterogeneity within the parotid gland, was significantly higher in SS patients than in controls [3]. On the other hand, in short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images, areas of high signal intensity reflected cystic change or dilatation of peripheral ducts of gland tissues [4]. Furthermore, the entire area was dark on STIR when adipose tissue completely replaced the glandular tissue [4].