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Lymphoscintigraphy
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Rimma Axelsson, Maria Holstensson, Ulrika Estenberg
Today MRI, CT, ultrasonography, and lymphoscintigraphy are imaging modalities used for patients with swollen limbs. Radiological methods can demonstrate signs of lymphedema such as edema, skin thickening, fluid accumulation, and honeycomb pattern of the subcutaneous tissue, which are characteristic for the disease [5–7]. While all these are signs of consequences of lymphatic diseases, lymphoscintigraphic imaging provides direct visualization of the lymphatic vessels and physiological information of the lymph flow [8]. Lymphoscintigraphy is simple and is an easily reproducible imaging technique allowing assessment and visualization of the lymph distribution through the lymph vessels and nodes. Apart from the low radiation exposure associated with lymphoscintigraphy (further discussed in section 1.10), there are no known risks or side effects [9].
Multidisciplinary approach with liposuction in primary lymphedema: Is there a difference compared to patients with secondary lymphedema?
Published in Byung-Boong Lee, Peter Gloviczki, Francine Blei, Jovan N. Markovic, Vascular Malformations, 2019
Robert J. Damstra, Håkan Brorson
The most common etiology for lymphatic impairment is infection, trauma, and/or iatrogenic injury (e.g., secondary to cancer treatment by surgical resection and/or radiation therapy). The prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and neoplastic diseases alone implies a large global burden of lymphatic disease.10
Radionuclide Lymphography
Published in Waldemar L. Olszewski, Lymph Stasis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment, 2019
These criteria are used to interpret27 the pictures and give good and reliable results. The lymphatic system is considered normal when the time of lymph node impregnation is less than 40 min. The lymphatic system is considered abnormal when the tissue of lymph node impregnation is as great as 40 min. Then, the differential diagnosis is related to the clinical status of primary or secondary lymphedema (clinically lower limb edema) or lymphatic disease (no lower limb edema).
Enhancing information on stage at diagnosis of cancer in Africa
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2023
Donald Maxwell Parkin, Biying Liu, Innocent Adoubi, Alda Stévy Makouanzi, Nestory Masalu, Caroline Mrema, Ntokozo Ndlovu, Abidemi Omonisi, Bangaly Traore, Yvonne Joko-Fru
For non-Hodgkin lymphoma, although stage in essential TNM is only binary – Localised (equivalent to Stage I or II in the Lugano classification [18] as it appears in the TNM Manual), or Advanced (Stages III and IV) there was considerable misclassification, with the ‘correct’ stage allocated in only 73%. This is probably because of the difficulty in interpreting the rules, which require distinction between lymphatic and extra-lymphatic involvement, whether the latter is localised or diffuse, for lymphatic disease, what constitutes a ‘lymphatic region’, what are the regional lymph nodes corresponding to the extra-lymphatic sites, as well as whether tumour involvement is on one or both sides of the diaphragm. This is tricky enough for experts, and it was perhaps not surprising that cancer registrars had problems.
Fulminant cardiogenic shock due to cardiac sarcoidosis
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Leonard Genovese, Amit K. Dey, Robert T. Cole, Lauren B. Cooper, Shashank Desai, Christopher W. May, Eric Sarin, Palak Shah, Shashank S. Sinha, Mitchell A. Psotka
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that may affect any organ system. It has an estimated prevalence of about 200,000 people in the USA [1]. Noncaseating granulomas are the pathologic hallmark of the disease, and it most commonly presents with pulmonary and lymphatic disease. Although autopsy studies have uncovered cardiac involvement in 25% of patients with sarcoidosis, the true prevalence may be underappreciated [1]. The three principal sequelae of myocardial damage due to sarcoidosis (CS) are conduction abnormalities, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure, which can be insidious or fulminant [1]. Diagnosis of CS can be challenging, as there are multiple proposed clinical criteria without a gold standard [1]. Nevertheless, the mainstays of diagnosis include cardiac MRI with gadolinium for myocardial fibrosis and edema, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for myocardial inflammation. Endomyocardial biopsy has excellent specificity but an estimated sensitivity of less than 30%, and some severe cases are only diagnosed post-mortem.
Can we predict the development of symptomatic lymphocele following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection? Results from a tertiary referral Centre
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2020
Simone Sforza, Riccardo Tellini, Antonio Andrea Grosso, Claudia Zaccaro, Lorenzo Viola, Fabrizio Di Maida, Andrea Mari, Marco Carini, Andrea Minervini, Lorenzo Masieri
We recorded and analyzed preoperative, perioperative and postoperative variables. Age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score, presence of diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, smoking habit, preoperative PSA serum level, previous history of abdominal surgery, peripheric vascular/lymphatic disease or peripheric vascular surgery as well as the use of anticoagulants or antiplatelets therapy [9], were considered. In particular, peripheric lymphatic disease was defined as the presence of fluid retention in peripheric vascular district due to lymphatic system disease, while “previous vascular surgery” was defined as any intervention on major abdominal or lower limbs vascular district. Operative time, techniques of lymphadenectomy and intraoperative or late complications were also recorded, including the treatment in case of SL. The severity of complications was graded according to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification system [10]. Finally, we recorded drainage placement, days of drainage, length of hospital stays, tumors histopathological characteristics and readmission rate. Related to postoperative thromboprophylaxis, our region and institution encourage the use of low molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in all patients submitted to RARP and PLND from the day before the surgery to the 12th-18th postoperative day, according to patients’ stratification risk.