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Transplantation
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Jonathon Olsburgh, Rhana H. Zakri
BasiliximabHumanised or chimeric monoclonal anti-CD25 antibody.Interleukin-2 receptor inhibitor/antagonist.Prevents T-cell activation and proliferation.Administered intravenously.Given at induction and on day 4 post-transplant.
T Cell Cytokines as Immunomodulators of Arthritis Disease Pathology
Published in Thomas F. Kresina, Monoclonal Antibodies, Cytokines, and Arthritis, 2020
Thomas F. Kresina, Donna J. Spannaus-Martin
For the antigen-specific activation of T lymphocytes to occur, two distinct signals must occur. In addition to the presence of interleukin-1, antigen must be presented in conjunction with Ia antigen. The presence of these two signals stimulates interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor production by the T lymphocyte. The principle action of IL-2 is to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of T helper lymphocytes (95) and T suppressor cells (96). It can also function to promote the growth and differentiation of certain activated B cells (97–100) and stimulate T cell production of B cell growth factor (101) and interferon-γ (102).
Cytokine Measurements in Disease
Published in Andrzej Mackiewicz, Irving Kushner, Heinz Baumann, Acute Phase Proteins, 2020
David Heney, Rosamonde E. Banks, John T. Whicher, Stuart W. Evans
During the last 5 years, the field of cytokine biology has seen enormous expansion, with the cloning and sequencing of many new molecules. We review some aspects of cytokine measurement which, in the future, may be of clinical value in the field of acute phase response assessment. These are situations in which the laboratory measurement of cytokines known to be mediators of the acute phase response may have a role to play in the assessment and management of disease, specifically in inflammation, infection, malignancy, and transplantation. The clinical use of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2-R) measurements is included for completeness. A brief overview of the problems associated with the bioassay and immunoassay of cytokines is given before the clinical use of cytokine measurements is discussed.
Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder with histopathological features of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis
Published in Modern Rheumatology Case Reports, 2021
Shuko Kaito, Masashi Goto, Mikiko Iguchi, Yoshiaki Okuno, Koki Moriyoshi, Hiroshi Koyama
An 84-year-old Japanese woman who had been treated with MTX for RA for 15 years visited our hospital with complaints of general malaise and weakness of the extremities for 2 weeks. Cervical, axillary, and inguinal lymphadenopathy was found in the physical examination. Laboratory findings on her first visit showed significant thrombocytopenia, anaemia, elevated aminotransferases, and elevated CRP levels. Her peripheral blood contained some difficult-to-classify cells that we supposed were of lymphoid origin. The level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was markedly elevated (12,061 U/mL). A computed tomography (CT) scan showed numerous enlarged systemic lymph nodes. We suspected MTX-LPD and withdrew MTX immediately. The patient was hospitalised and administered leucovorin (folic acid). Platelet transfusion was given on the first and third day in hospital. Bone-marrow aspiration showed normocellular marrow without lymphomatous lesions. Flow cytometric analysis revealed excessive proliferation of cells expressing T cell surface markers and no finding of B cell clonality. Cervical lymph node biopsy revealed a well-circumscribed area of necrosis showing abundant karyorrhectic nuclear debris. Around the necrosis, infiltration of histiocytes (CD68 positive in immunohistochemical staining) was seen. There were lymphoid cells in diverse maturation stages. These features were compatible with HNL (Figure 1). There was no formation of epithelioid cell granuloma, proliferation of atypical lymphocytes, or malignant cell growth. Immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD5, CD10, and CD20 showed no evidence of malignant lymphoma.
Association of coagulation disturbances with severity of COVID-19: a longitudinal study
Published in Hematology, 2021
Huimin Lu, Ming Chen, Shaoqiu Tang, Wenkui Yu
Laboratory parameters were recorded on admission or during hospitalization. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were measured using a STA-R MAX coagulation analyzer and original reagents (Diagnostica Stago, Saint-Denis, France). International normalized ratio (INR) was determined using the STA Hepato Quick reagent on the STA-R Evolution automated coagulation system (Diagnostica Stago S.A.S, Asnières sur Seine, France). Plasma cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected using the human Th1/2 cytokine kit II (BD Ltd., Franklin lakes, NJ, USA). Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) was measured in duplicate by quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay using commercially available kits (Quantikine), purchased from the Research and Diagnostic Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Procalcitonin (PCT) was determined with TRACE™ Technology on a BRAHMS KRYPTOR compact PLUS.
A case of anti-Mi-2 antibody-positive dermatomyositis associated with malignant lymphoma
Published in Modern Rheumatology Case Reports, 2019
Masafumi Ohashi, Hajime Takagi, Masaya Hayakawa, Yasuhito Hamaguchi, Mariko Seishima
On the first consultation, she had erythema on the nasolabial folds and mandible (Figure 1(a)). She also had slight erythema on the distal interphalangeal joints on the dorsum of the hands, nailfold bleeding, slightly hyperkeratotic erythema over the elbows and knees, V-neck sign and itchy dermatitis on the trunk (Figure 1(b-f)). The result of manual muscle test of proximal muscle was 4/5. Biochemical blood examination revealed high levels of lactate dehydrogenase (646 IU/L), creatine kinase (CK; 1873 IU/L), myoglobin (1010 ng/mL) and aldolase (22.5 U/L). The antinuclear antibody was positive (1280×; speckled pattern), and she tested negative for anti Jo-1 antibody. Carcinoembryonic antigen and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen were negative, but soluble interleukin-2 receptor was high (898 U/mL).